外籍教师为什么来中国大学全职工作--基于布迪厄社会实践理论的质性分析

Why do They Work in Chinese Universities as Full-time Faculty?--A Qualitative Analysis Based on Bourdieu's Theory of Social Practice

对“双一流”建设高校20位外籍专任教师的访谈显示,外籍教师来华工作的直接动因呈现出文化资本为首,社会资本和经济资本依序次之的总体特征,以及显著的知识生产性和个体性。其中,社会资本和经济资本呈现一定的地区与学科差异。直接动因的形成离不开知识场域、社会生活场域、意识形态场域的交互作用,职业惯习与个体惯习的双重影响,以及资本间的可转换性。基于此,政府、高校、社会组织等多主体应从场域塑造、职业惯习尊重、引才资本调整、区域资源精准使用等维度明确各自职责,并加强沟通与合作,提升中国引才系统工程的精准性和有效性。

Interviews of 20 full-time foreign faculty in Chinese"Double First-class"universities show that the immediate motivations for foreigners working in China as full-time faculty are featured by a general pattern of cultural capital,followed by social and economic capital,as well as significant emphasis on knowledge-production and individuality.Of these,social capital and economic capital show some regional and disciplinary differences.Moreover,all these immediate motivations are influenced by the combined effect of the knowledge field,social life field and ideological field,the dual impact of professional and individual habitus,and the convertibility among capitals.Based on this analysis,governments,universities and social organizations should clarify their respective responsibilities and strengthen communication and cooperation in terms of fields shaping,professional habitus,recruiting capitals and precise use of regional resources,to enhance the precision and effectiveness of the systemic projects of attracting talents in China.