四论灾害防御能力的基本定义与特征探讨

The Forth Discussion on the Basic Definition and Characteristics of Disaster Defense Capability

灾害防御能力建设是学界和实务界关注的焦点议题之一。该文在前期研究基础上,从灾害系统的角度出发,结合灾害耦合效应和复杂灾害事件,综合阐述了灾害风险科学角度下的灾害防御能力建设。首先阐述了灾害系统与灾害防御能力的关系,概述了灾害系统的结构体系和功能体系特征及进展,分析了孕灾环境防御能力建设、致灾因子防御能力建设和承灾体防御能力建设的关键内容。随后论述了灾害系统耦合效应下的灾害防御能力特征,认为灾害系统要素耦合和过程耦合是灾害影响放大的途径,灾害防御能力建设就是要优先实现零耦合和完全消减耦合,规避部分增长耦合和完全增长耦合。最后从复杂灾害事件出发,概述了灾害群、灾害链和灾害遭遇的特征,分析了灾害群防御能力建设、灾害链防御能力建设和灾害遭遇防御能力建设的内容,并提出了复杂灾害事件防御能力建设的关键点。

Disaster defense capacity building is one of the focal topics of concern for both academic and practical circles.Based on the previous research,this paper integrate disaster defense capacity building from the perspective of disaster system,combined with disaster coupling effects and complex disaster events,and from the perspective of disaster risk science.Firstly,this paper explain the relationship between disaster system and disaster defense capability,outline the characteristics and progress of structural and functional systems of disaster system,and analyze the key elements of disaster-inducing environment defense capability building,hazard defense capability building and exposure defense capability building.Secondly,this paper elaborate the characteristics of disaster defense capability under the coupling effect of disaster system,argue that the coupling of disaster system elements and process coupling is the way of disaster impact amplification,and disaster defense capability building is to give priority to zero coupling and complete abatement coupling,and to avoid partial growth coupling and complete growth coupling.Finally,this paper outline the characteristics of disaster clusters,disaster chains and disaster encounters from the perspective of complex disaster events,analyze the content of disaster cluster defense capacity building,disaster chain defense capacity building and disaster encounter defense capacity building,and elaborate the key points of complex disaster event defense capacity building.