红宝石无核×红旗特早葡萄杂交后代核性状遗传分析

Genetic analysis of nuclear characters of hybrids of ruby seedless and hongqitezao grape

【目的】研究红宝石无核×红旗特早葡萄杂交后代核性状遗传规律。【方法】以红宝石无核×红旗特早杂交群体135个F 1代植株为试材,鉴定核状态,测定果实单粒重、单核重、单粒核数量、单核纵横径积等核相关指标,分析群体核性状遗传倾向。【结果】红宝石无核×红旗特早杂交群体胚败育率为59.26%;果实单粒重表现为连续分布,遗传力低,呈现变小趋势;果实单核重在有核和无核单株群体之间存在两极分化,但没有明显界限,遗传力低,呈现变小趋势;果实单粒核数量遗传力低,呈现变少趋势,整个组合91.85%的单株具有败育残核;单核纵横径积在有核和无核单株群体之间存在两极分化,且有明显界限,遗传力低,呈现变小趋势,但在有核单株中表现增大趋势。【结论】红宝石无核与具有无核倾向的有核品种红旗特早杂交,可以获得较高比例的无核后代,群体在果粒质量、核质量、数量及纵横径积等指标上均表现为退化趋势,但在无核单株与有核单株群体之间存在一定差异,果粒质量、核质量、数量及纵横径积与核性状正相关联。

【Objective】This study aims to explore the inheritance of nuclear characters in hybrid progenies of Ruby Seedless and Hongqi tezao grapes.【Methods】135 F 1 generation plants of Ruby seedless and Hongqi Special early hybrid population were taken as the test material,the nuclear status was identified,and the nuclear related indicators such as single grain weight,single core weight,single core number,and vertical and horizontal diameter product were determined,and the genetic tendency of population nuclear traits was analyzed.【Results】The abortion rate was 59.26%in hybrid population of Ruby Seedless×Hongqi tezao.Fruit single grain weight manifested as continuous distribution,low genetic transmission power,and a lessening trend.Fruit mononuclear weight was polarized between the nucleated and seedless nucleated populations with no clear boundaries,whose fruit single nuclei was low with a trend of less development.However,it showed an increasing trend in the nuclear single plants.The hereditary capacity of single grain nuclear number was low,showing a trend of decrease,and 91.85%of the single strains in the whole combination had defective nuclei.The vertical and horizontal diameter product were polarized between nucleated and seedless nucleated populations,with obvious boundaries and low genetic transmission,but increased in nucleated single strains.【Conclusion】It can obtain a higher proportion of the nuclear offspring using Ruby Seedless hybridizing with Hongqi tezao which is nucleated and have a seedless tendency.The index of the fruit mass,nuclear mass,nuclear quantity and vertical and horizontal diameter product are of a degradation trend,but there are certain differences between seedless plants and nuclear plants populations.Fruit mass,nuclear mass,quantity and vertical and horizontal diameter is positively associated with nuclear traits.