《天盛改旧新定律令》“谋杀罪”考探

Research on “the Crime of Murder”in Tiansheng Laws

“■■”一词是《天盛改旧新定律令》中卷首常见的法律术语,当前汉译本《天盛改旧新定律令》将其翻译为“故杀”。根据西夏文《文海》中“■”字的解释,以及此罪名与唐宋律法中的“谋杀”罪在定义特征、科刑标准、适用对象和刑罚措施方面的内容基本相同,经考辨,当前汉译本《天盛改旧新定律令》中卷首“■■”的罪名以“谋”为入罪条件,以首从关系的认定和行为结果科刑,其应是中华法系杀人罪名中的谋杀罪,非故杀。而“故杀”多比附“谋杀”科刑,两种罪名概念区别明显。准确释读该法律术语,对于完善西夏的刑名制度具有重要意义。

The word“■■”is a common legal term in the beginning of Tiansheng Laws.The current Chinese translations of Tiansheng Laws translated it into“intentional homicide”.According to the explana-tion of the word“■”in Wen Hai and this crime has the same content with“murder”in the laws of Tang and Song Dynasties in terms of defining characteristics,criminal penalty criterion,applicable objects and penal measures.After considerable research,the current Chinese translation of the beginning of Tiansheng Laws is based on“premeditation”as a conviction condition for the crimeof“■■”,it is based on determination of the relationship between principal and accomplice as well as the behavioral consequences as criminal penalty criterion.“■■”should be the crime of murder in the Chinese legal system,not“intentional homicide”.The criminal penalty criterion of“intentional homicide” is more commonly referred to“murder”,the con-cept of these two kinds of crime is obviously different.Accurate interpretation of this legal term is of great significance for perfecting the name of penalty system of Xixia.