北宋前期太常寺与太常礼院的政务关系及运作方式研究

A Study of the Relationship and the Operating Mechanism of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and the Commission of Ritual Affairs in the Early Northern Song Dynasty

北宋前期的太常寺与太常礼院并非严格意义上“事不相兼”,寺与礼院官共议礼制,二司常由同一官员兼掌,朝廷在计算太常寺员额时亦会将礼院官纳入其中。在官员兼职与官署分隔两地的背景下,为保证礼仪公务中“常行熟事”的运行效率,太常礼院官提前在状纸上列署众衔并加盖官印,由太常寺官在空白印状上书填具体处理意见。这一“礼院故事”在减化公务运行程序、提高行政效率的同时,也将礼院官手中的权力转移到判寺官手中,为后者的擅权创造了条件。在制定温成皇后丧礼仪制的过程中,得到仁宗授意的判太常寺王洙借此实现“钩摭非礼”。

In the early Northerm Song Dynasty,the officials of the Court of Imperial Sacrific-es and the Commission of Ritual Affairs often worked out the ritual system together,and the same official was always employed to manage the affairs of the two departments.The court also in-cluded officials from the Commission of Ritual Affairs in the calculation of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices posts.Under the influence of officials holding multiple posts at the same time and the distance between the offices space,in order to improve the efficiency of government affairs opera-tion,the officials of the Commission of Ritual Affairs often signed the official documents in ad-vance,and then sent them to the officials of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices to write specific han-dling opinions.This act actually resulted in the power of the Commission of Ritual Affairs officials being usurped by the Court of Imperial Sacrifices officials.In the process of formulating the Funer-al Rites of Empress Wen Cheng,Wang Zhu,an official of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices,who was inspired by Emperor Ren Zong,used this act to achieve unauthorized power.