基于有限元方法的重载铁路有砟轨道力学分析

Mechanical analysis of ballasted track of heavy haul railway based on finite element method

随着我国铁路运输系统的快速发展,为解决重载列车的安全运行对轨道更高强度要求的问题,本文采用有限元软件建立了包含轨道、轨枕、道床、土体的重载铁路轨道的仿真模型,在验证了有限元模型可靠性的基础上,分析了轨道应力应变分布规律;研究了不同的轴重参数、道床参数、轨枕参数对重载铁路轨道受力影响。结果表明:列车载荷作用时,两根轨道的应力分布基本相同;列车轴重增大,轨道最大应力和竖向位移不断增大;随着轨枕弹性模量增大、轨枕间距减小、道床厚度和弹性模量增大时,轨道最大应力和位移逐渐减小。

With the rapid development of China’s railway transportation system,higher strength of the track is required for safe operation of heavy haul trains.In this paper,the finite element software is used to establish the simulation model of heavy haul railway tracks,including track,sleeper,track bed and soil.On the basis of verifying reliability of the finite element model,the distribution law of track stress and strain is analyzed.The effects of different parameters of axle load,ballast and sleeper on the stress of heavy haul railway track are studied.The results show that the stress distribution of the two tracks is basically the same under the train load.The maximum stress and vertical displacement of tracks increase with the increase of train axle load;when the elastic modulus of sleepers increases,sleeper spacing decreases,ballast thickness and elastic modulus increase,the maximum stress and displacement of tracks will decrease step by step.