“印太战略”视角下欧盟与印度关系的新发展

Developments in EU-India Relations:An Indo-Pacific Perspective

在欧盟推进“印太战略”的背景下,欧印关系出现了不同以往的新动向:欧盟将印度视为重要支点国家,欧印战略伙伴关系实现“再定位”;安全合作实现重大突破,合作的领域和平台大为拓宽;重启自由贸易协定谈判,加强数字与技术领域的合作;加强在全球治理领域的合作,构建可持续的现代化伙伴关系。欧印强化战略互动主要受以下因素驱动:印太和欧洲地缘政治变化推动欧盟将印度作为其重要战略支点;强化与欧盟的战略互动是印度对外政策调整的必然结果;重塑全球供应链是欧盟与印度战略互动的重要驱动力;双方在“规则塑造”与“多边主义”价值观理念上愈加契合。欧印未来战略关系发展的潜力与阻力并存:在互联互通领域合作的趋势将持续加强,安全防务合作短期难以继续取得实质性进展,经贸合作面临诸多不稳定因素,面临来自美国和俄罗斯的不确定因素以及欧印在人权方面仍存在较大分歧。美国欲将欧盟与印度纳入其对华战略竞争的框架中,长期来看,欧印战略互动将在安全和供应链方面带给中国较大压力。中国可以利用当前的窗口期在对欧与对印外交战略中争取一些回旋的余地,尽最大可能降低欧印战略互动针对中国的不利影响。

With the introduction of EU’s“Indo-Pacific”strategy,there have been several developments in EU-India relations that are different from the past.Viewing India as a pivot,the EU has repositioned the EU-India strategic partnership.As a result,the EU and India have made major breakthroughs in security cooperation,greatly expanding the areas and platforms for cooperation.They have also restarted bilateral FTA negotiations and worked to strengthen cooperation in digital and technological fields.They have strengthened cooperation on global governance and built a sustainable modern partnership.Their closer strategic relationship has been driven by a host of factors:geopolitical changes in the Indo-Pacific and Europe that have prompted the EU to take India as its important strategic pivot,adjustments in Indian foreign policy that have inevitably led to enhanced strategic interaction with the EU,the shared desire to reshape the global supply chain that acts as an important driver of EU-India strategic interaction,and finally the growing ideational convergence of the two sides on“rule-shaping”and multilateralism.Despite its success,the future development of EU-India strategic relations also faces obstacles.While cooperation in connectivity will continue to strengthen,it is difficult for security and defense cooperation to make substantial progress in the short term.Economic and trade cooperation faces many destabilizing factors.There are uncertainties stemming from the US and Russia,and there are still big differences between the EU and India on human rights.Since the US intends to get the EU and India on board for its strategic competition towards China,EU-India strategic interaction will,in the long run,bring greater pressure on China in the field of security and supply chains.We can use the current window of opportunity to gain some wiggle room in our diplomatic strategies toward Europe and India,so as to minimize the negative impact of EU-India strategic collusion against China.