道义情态构式“放A点”及其构式化历程

Deontic modality construction“fang A dian”and its constructionalization

“放A点”是个道义情态构式,用来使听话人承担一项义务,其义务的强度等级是渐变的连续统。“放”为黏着动词,语义虚化,表示控制。“放A点”与“A点”在义务情态的四个方面有同有异。根据词项进入“放A点”构式之后产生的整体意义,“放A点”可分为四个次类,它们在义务的性质和义务强度等方面存在差异。在历时层面,“放A点”的形义配对是构式化的产物,“放”的核心义及携带名词宾语表示控制的语法特性为构式化奠定了基础,实现构式化后“放A点”图式性增强,语义多元化,“放”语用功能凸显,成为道义情态标记。

“Fang A dian”(放A点)is a deontic modality construction,which is used for the speaker to impose an obligation on the listener.The intensity level of the obligation is a gradual continuum.“Fang”is an adhesive verb,which means control.“Fang A dian”and“A dian”have similarities and differences in four aspects of obligatory modality.According to the overall meaning after the specific words enter the construction of“fang A dian”,the“fang A dian”can be classified into four subcategories,which are different in terms of the nature and intensity of obligations.In diachronic terms,the form-meaning pairing of“fang A dian”is the product of constructionalization.The core meaning of“fang”and its grammatical characteristics that carry the nominal objects expressing control have laid the foundation for the constructionalization.After the realization of the constructionalization,the schematic feature of“fang A dian”is enhanced,and its meaning diversified.The pragmatic function of“fang”is highlighted,becoming a marker of deontic modality.