考虑机场公平性的机场群航班时刻分配

Slot allocation of multi-airport system considering airport fairness

机场航班时刻优化是机场需求和容量管理的一个重要手段,一直是空中交通领域的研究重点。现有研究主要考虑机场容量和航班运行等约束,对单个机场的进离场航班时刻进行优化分配,目标是在尽可能地满足航空公司需求的前提下最大化利用机场容量。随着我国机场群的建设,机场群内各机场竞争关键空域资源的矛盾日益突出。单独优化每个机场的时刻可能会导致不同机场的航班在关键空域点发生拥挤,造成航班延误。综合考虑机场和空域资源优化航班时刻是提升机场群资源利用效率的关键之一。特别是,考虑机场之间的公平性合理配置航班时刻至关重要,但鲜有相关工作开展。本文首先建立了一个考虑机场容量和空域容量的多目标航班时刻优化模型,实现对机场群系统资源的优化利用;然后,综合考虑了各机场在潜在离场冲突点的需求,构建了基于高峰时刻需求的机场公平性指标和整体度量,兼顾了机场群内各成员机场的功能定位。最后,通过粤港澳大湾区五机场实际航班数据验证了模型的有效性和可扩展性,为机场群层面各利益相关方的公平性研究提供了重要借鉴和参考。

Optimal airport slot allocation is a significant means of airport demand and capacity management,and has always been a research focus in the field of air traffic.Existing research mainly considers the constraints of airport ca⁃pacity and flight operations,and optimizes the allocation of arrival and departure flight slots at a single airport,with the goal of maximizing the use of airport capacity while meeting the needs of airlines as much as possible.With the con⁃struction of multi-airport system in China,the contradiction between the airports in the same multi-airport system com⁃peting for key airspace resources has become increasingly prominent.Optimizing the slot allocation of each airport in⁃dividually may result in congestion of flights from different airports at key airspace points,causing flight delays.Taking airport and airspace resources into consideration to optimize flight schedules is one of the keys to improving the utiliza⁃tion efficiency of multi-airport resources.In particular,the rational allocation of flight slots considering inter-airport fair⁃ness is critical,but little work has been done.This paper firstly establishes a multi-objective flight slot allocation optimi⁃zation model considering airport capacity and airspace capacity to realize the optimal utilization of multi-airport system's resources.Then,a comprehensive consideration of the needs of each airport at potential departure conflict waypoints is given to construct a peak demand-based inter-airport fairness index and overall measurement,which take into ac⁃count the functional positioning of each member airport in the multi-airport system.Finally,the validity and scalability of the model are proved by the actual flight data of the five airports in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,showing that the model proposed can provide critical reference for research on fairness of various stakeholders of the multi-airport system.