病毒受体鉴定技术最新进展

Technological advances in the identification of virus receptors

病毒感染是由病毒附着蛋白和宿主细胞表面结构之间的相互作用启动的。细胞受体是病毒入侵宿主的关键,开发高通量且准确的病毒受体鉴定方法对病毒性疾病的防控至关重要。近年来,多种技术推动了病毒受体鉴定,大体可分为基因组和相互作用组两大类。基因组技术包括CRISPR/Cas9敲除、CRISPR激活、cDNA文库、RNA干扰以及随机插入诱变等;相互作用组技术包括蛋白质芯片、亲和纯化质谱和交联质谱等。本文试图重点分析基于基因组和相互作用组的相关技术,对其应用及优缺点进行归纳总结,以期为病毒受体鉴定技术的进一步发展提供参考。

Virus infection is initiated by the interaction between the viral attachment protein and the surface structure of the host cell.Cell receptors are the key for viruses to invade the hosts,so developing high throughput and accurate viral receptor identification methods is crucial for the prevention and control of viral diseases.In recent years,various technologies have promoted the identification of viral receptors which can be broadly divided into two categories:genomic-based and interactome-based approaches.Genomic-based approaches include CRISPR/Cas9 knockout,CRISPR activation,cDNA libraries,RNA interference,and random insertion mutagenesis.Interactome-based approaches include protein microarray,affinity purificationmass spectrometry,and cross-linking mass spectrometry.This review attempts to focus on analyzing relevant technologies based on genome and interactome,summarizing their applications,advantages and disadvantages,in order to provide a reference for the further development of virus receptor identification technology.