白果外种皮中银杏酚酸提纯及其抑菌活性初探

Purification of Ginkgolic Acid from the Outer Seed Coat of Ginkgo and Its Antibacterial Activity

从白果外种皮中提取纯化银杏酚酸,并对其抑菌作用进行初步研究。采用正交实验筛选加热回流提取条件,有机溶剂萃取结合柱层析方法分离纯化银杏酚酸,生长速率法测定银杏酚酸对植物病原真菌菌丝抑制率。加热回流提取参数:提取溶剂为甲醇,40℃,料液比为1∶12,90 min;经乙酸乙酯萃取、脱酸树脂柱层析纯化,获得80.96%含量银杏酚酸;对5种植物病原真菌均有抑制作用,含量为0.293 mg/m L时对月季炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum boninense)抑制率为49.09%、对杜鹃炭疽病菌(C.fioriniae)为30.30%、对石榴干腐病菌(Coniella granati)为23.26%、对葡萄炭病疽菌(C.gloeosporioides)为21.70%和对烟草枯萎病菌(Fusarium redolens)为21.01%。结果表明,提纯工艺把白果外种皮中8%银杏酚酸提高至80.96%,确定银杏酚酸可较好抑制月季炭疽病菌菌丝生长。

The ginkgolic acid is extracted and purified from the outer seed coats of ginkgo biloba,and its antibacterial effect is studied prelimi-narily.An orthogonal experiment is used to screen the heating reflux extraction conditions,the organic solvent extraction combined with column chro-matography is employed to separate and purify the ginkgolic acids,and the growth rate method is used to determine the its inhibition rate for phy-topathogenic fungi mycelium.The extraction parameters of heating reflux are showed as follows:the extraction solvent is methanol,the temperature is 40°C,the ratio of material to liquid is 1:12,and the extraction time is 90 min;after ethyl acetate extraction and deacidification resin column chro-matography purification,the ginkgolic acid with a content of 80.96%can be obtained.Growth rate assay shows that the ginkgolic acids has inhibitory effects on 5 kinds of phytopathogenic fungi,and the ginkgolic acid with a content of 0.293mg/mL has the best inhibitory effect,and the inhibitory rate for Colletotrichum boninense is 49.09%,for C.fioriniae is 30.30%,for Coniella granati is 23.26%,for C.gloeosporioides is 21.70%and for is Fusari-um redolens is 21.01%.It is concluded that the extraction and purification process can effectively increase the ginkgolic acid from about 8%in the outer seed coat of ginkgo to 80.96%.Preliminary experiments finds that the ginkgolic acid has a good inhibitory effect on the hyphae of Colletotrichum boninense.