健康信念模式下大学新生结核病相关健康行为的影响因素分析

Analysis of influencing factors of tuberculosis related health behaviors among college freshmen with health belief model

目的以健康信念模式为指导,探讨大学新生结核病相关健康行为的影响因素,为学生人群的健康行为干预及指导提供科学依据。方法于2021年1—2月对11所高校5254例大学新生开展问卷调查,调查内容包括一般人口学资料、结核病相关健康行为、结核病相关知识、疾病威胁感知和疾病政策认知等。使用SPSS 23.0软件进行数据分析,使用独立样本t检验和单因素方差分析进行组间比较,使用Logistic回归分析探索健康行为持有情况的影响因素。结果大学新生结核病相关健康行为总分为3~12分[(11.01±1.10)分],大学新生结核病健康相关行为整体持有率较高。男性[B=-0.753,OR(95%CI)=0.471(0.417~0.531)]、有结核病史[B=-1.088,OR(95%CI)=0.337(0.157~0.722)]是大学新生结核病健康相关行为的危险因素;而生源地为城市[B=0.117,OR(95%CI)=1.124(0.944~1.338)],父亲文化程度大专/本科及以上[B=0.177,OR(95%CI)=1.194(1.024~1.392)],母亲文化程度高中/中专[B=0.356,OR(95%CI)=1.428(1.126~1.810)]、大专/本科及以上[B=0.194,OR(95%CI)=1.214(1.029~1.433)],主动了解结核病知识[B=0.208,OR(95%CI)=1.231(1.095~1.385)],结核病知识评分高[B=0.088,OR(95%CI)=1.092(1.041~1.145)],疾病威胁感知评分高[B=0.082,OR(95%CI)=1.086(1.031~1.144)]和疾病政策认知评分高[B=0.320,OR(95%CI)=1.378(1.265~1.500)]是大学新生结核病健康相关行为的保护因素(均P<0.05)。结论运用健康信念模式可在某种程度上分析和解释大学新生结核病相关健康行为的影响因素,有助于针对大学新生的人群特点,加强健康教育,倡导结核病相关健康行为。

Objective To explore the influencing factors of tuberculosis related health behaviors among college freshmen with health belief model,so as to provide a scientific basis for the intervention of health behaviors among students.Methods From January to February 2021,the questionnaire survey was conducted among 5254 college freshmen from 11 universities.The survey included general demographic data,tuberculosis related health behaviors,and tuberculosis related knowledge,disease threat perception and disease policy cognition.The SPSS 23.0 software was used for data analysis,independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for inter group comparison,and Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of health behavior holding.Results The total score of tuberculosis related health behaviors among freshmen was 3~12(11.01±1.10),and the overall holding rate of tuberculosis related health behaviors was higher.Male(B=-0.753,OR(95%CI)=0.471(0.417-0.531)),and tuberculosis history(B=-1.088,OR(95%CI)=0.337(0.157-0.722))were risk factors for tuberculosis related health behaviors among freshmen.Birth in city(B=0.117,OR(95%CI)=1.124(0.944-1.338)),father's education level college/undergraduate and above(B=0.177,OR(95%CI)=1.194(1.024-1.392)),mother's education level high school/secondary school(B=0.356,OR(95%CI)=1.428(1.126-1.810)),college/undergraduate and above(B=0.194,OR(95%CI)=1.214(1.029-1.433)),take the initiative to understand tuberculosis knowledge(B=0.208,OR(95%CI)=1.231(1.095-1.385)),higher tuberculosis knowledge score(B=0.088,OR(95%CI)=1.092(1.041-1.145)),higher disease threat perception score(B=0.082,OR(95%CI)=1.086(1.031-1.144))and higher disease policy cognition score(B=0.320,OR(95%CI)=1.378(1.265-1.500))were protective factors for tuberculosis related health behaviors among first-year undergraduates(all P<0.05).Conclusion The application of health belief model can analyze and explain the influencing factors of tuberculosis-related health behaviors of freshmen,which is helpful to strengthen health education and advocate tuberculosis-related health behaviors.