轻度认知障碍对老年人面孔信任知觉的影响

Effects of mild cognitive impairment on perceived facial trustworthiness for older adults

目的探讨轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)对老年人面孔信任知觉的影响。方法2019年5—6月招募30名年轻被试(年轻组),认知正常的低龄(低龄老年组)、中龄(中龄老年组)和高龄(高龄老年组)老年被试各30人,同时招募30名认知正常老年被试(认知正常老年组)和30名MCI老年被试(MCI老年组)。对所有被试进行年轻面孔和老年面孔可信度评分。采用SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行多因素方差分析以探究不同年龄老年人以及不同认知功能老年人面孔信任知觉的差异。结果(1)年轻组和低龄、中龄、高龄老年组对年轻和老年面孔的可信度评分比较,面孔年龄×年龄交互作用显著[F_((3,116))=6.30,P=0.001],面孔年龄的主效应显著[F_((1,116))=23.18,P<0.001],年龄的主效应显著[F_((3,116))=11.88,P<0.001]。通过简单效应分析发现,低龄老年组[(5.02±0.85)分]、中龄老年组[(5.15±0.55)分]和高龄老年组[(4.87±1.03)分]老年面孔可信度评分皆高于年轻组[(3.74±0.71)分],差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01),低龄老年组、中龄老年组、高龄老年组间老年面孔可信度评分均差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);各年龄组之间年轻面孔可信度评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)年轻组、认知正常老年组和MCI老年组的面孔可信度评分比较,面孔年龄×认知交互作用显著[F_((2,87))=8.33,P<0.001],面孔年龄的主效应显著[F_((1,87))=5.97,P<0.01],认知的主效应显著[F_((2,87))=39.37,P<0.001]。通过简单效应分析发现,认知正常老年组的老年面孔可信度评分高于年轻组和MCI组,均差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而MCI老年人与年轻组的老年面孔可信度评分差异无统计学意义(P=0.191);认知正常老年组和年轻组年轻面孔的可信度评分均高于MCI老年组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),认知正常老年组和年轻组年轻面孔的可信度评分差异无统计学意义(P=0.134)。结论认知正常老年人的面孔信任知觉存在积极效应,而MCI老年人的面孔信任知觉不存在积极效应;认知功能下降影响老年人的信任知觉。

Objective To explore the effects of mild cognitive impairment(MCI)on perceived facial trustworthiness for older adults.Methods From May to June 2019,30 young subjects(young group)were recruited,and 30 young older adults(young elderly group),30 middle older adults(middle elderly group),and 30 elderly(elderly group)with normal cognition were recruited.At the same time,30 older adults with normal cognition(cognitive normal elderly group)and 30 older adults with MCI(MCI elderly group)were recruited.All subjects were scored on the trustworthiness of young and elderly faces.SPSS 26.0 software was used to conduct a multivariate analysis of variance on the data to explore the differences in perceived facial trustworthiness among elderly people of different ages and elderly people with different cognitive function.Results(1)A comparison of the facial trustworthiness scores of young and elderly faces among the young group,young elderly group,middle elderly group,and elderly group showed that,interaction between face age and age was significant(F_((3,116))=6.30,P=0.001),the main effect of face age was significant(F_((1,116))=23.18,P<0.001),and the main effect of age group was significant(F_((3,116))=11.88,P<0.001).Simple effect analysis showed that the facial trustworthiness scores of elderly faces in the young elderly group(5.02±0.85),middle elderly group(5.15±0.55),and the elderly group(4.87±1.03)were higher than that in the young group(3.74±0.71),and with a statistically significant difference(all P<0.001).There were no significant differences in the facial trustworthiness scores of elderly faces among the young elderly group,middle elderly group,and elderly group(all P>0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the facial trustworthiness scores of young face among different age groups(P>0.05).(2)The comparison of facial trustworthiness scores among the young group,cognitive normal elderly group,and the MCI elderly group showed that,the interaction between face age and cognition was significant(F_((2,87))=8.33,P<0.001),the main effect of face age was significant(F_((1,87))=5.97,P<0.01),and the main effect of cognition was significant(F_((2,87))=39.37,P<0.001).Simple effect analysis showed that the facial trustworthiness scores of elderly faces in cognitive normal elderly group was higher than those in the young group and the MCI elderly group(P<0.001).There were no significant differences in the facial trustworthiness scores of elderly faces among young group and the MCI elderly group(P=0.191).The facial trustworthiness scores of young faces in cognitively normal elderly group and young group were higher than those in the MCI elderly group(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the facial trustworthiness scores of young faces between cognitively normal elderly group and young group(P=0.134).Conclusion There is a positive effect on the perceived facial trustworthiness in older adults with normal cognition,but there is no positive effect on the perceived facial trustworthiness in the older adults with MCI.Cognitive decline affects perceived facial trustworthiness in the elderly.