自我控制对健康行为改变的机制

Mechanisms of self-control on health behavior change

自我控制在个体的健康行为改变过程和保持中发挥着重要的作用,但其作用机制尚不明朗。健康行为改变可以分为三个阶段:目标导向行为启动阶段、对抗习惯排斥阶段和习惯获得与保持阶段。已有的健康行为改变理论重点关注目标导向行为启动阶段与习惯行为的冲突,并指出厌恶情绪是抑制目标导向行为执行的关键机制,但忽视了行动实施和新行为获得阶段的作用机制。实际上,目标导向行为与习惯行为共同合作保证个体高效适应环境,但当目标导向行为开始习惯化时,旧习惯和新目标导向行为出现竞争关系,并引发冲突和厌恶感。自我控制发挥作用的核心阶段就在对抗习惯排斥阶段,一方面,通过冲突感适应直接辅助个体目标导向行为习惯化,另一方面,通过强化管理和刺激控制策略来缓解冲突感,间接辅助目标导向行为习惯化。未来仍需对自我控制影响健康行为改变的理论和临床实践进一步完善。

Self-control brings important effects on the process and maintenance of health behavior change in individuals,but its mechanism is unclear.Healthy behavior change could be divided into goal-oriented behavior initiation stage,combating habit rejection stage,and habit acquisition and maintenance stage.Established theories of health behavior change mainly focus on the conflict between the goal-directed behavior initiation phase and habitual behavior.It is also indicated that disgust is the key mechanism to restrain the implementation of goal-oriented behavior,but ignore the mechanisms in the action implementation and new behavior acquisition phases.In fact,goal-directed and habitual behaviors work together to ensure that individuals adapt efficiently to their environment.However,when goal-oriented behavior becomes habitual,old habit and new goal-oriented behavior begin to compete,causing conflicts and aversion.The core phase of self-control functioning is just in the confrontation with habit rejection phase.On the one hand,self-control directly assists individual goal-directed behavior habituation through conflict sense adaptation.On the other hand,intensive management and stimulus control indirectly assist goal-directed behavior habituation through the relief of conflict sense.Further exploration of the theory and clinical practice of self-control affecting healthy behavior change is needed in the future.