“近零排放”技术、标准、实践与哲学思考

Technologies,standards,practices and philosophical thinking of"Near Zero Emission"of power station air pollutants

生态文明建设是一场涉及生产方式、生活方式、思维方式和价值观念的革命。总结了清洁煤电“近零排放”的提出背景、环保政策及排放标准的发展历程,分析了燃煤大气污染物烟尘、二氧化硫(SO_(2))、氮氧化物(NO_(x))和汞等重金属排放控制技术发展现状以及燃煤机组实现“近零排放”的技术路线。选取不同区域典型燃煤机组进行案例分析,结果表明:典型机组烟尘、SO_(2)及NO_(x)排放浓度长期低于5、35、50 mg/m^(3),锦界三期、寿光电厂等机组低于1、10、20 mg/m^(3),舟山4号、三河4号机组实现“近零排放”后已稳定运行超过7年。研究“近零排放”煤电的经济性,分析“近零排放”的环境和社会效益,提出“近零排放”技术、标准和实践的哲学思考,展望清洁煤电绿色发展方向。燃煤发电“近零排放”技术和工程实践推动了我国环保标准的发展,标准提升促进了技术进步,基于我国国情持续推进煤炭清洁高效利用,不断提升环保标准,对保障我国的能源安全和可持续发展具有重要意义。

The construction of ecological civilization is a revolution involving production methods,lifestyles,ways of thinking,and values.The background and the development of environmental policies and emission standards of"Near Zero Emission"(NZE)of clean coal combustion were summarized.The development status of pollutant emission control technologies regarding particulate matter,sulfur dioxide(SO_(2)),nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))and heavy metals including mercury and the technical route of NZE of coal-fired units were discussed.Typical cases in different zones were analyzed in detail.The results indicated that the emission of particulate matter,SO_(2),NO_(x) from typical units was lower than 5,35,50 mg/m^(3) for a long period,respectively.The emission level of pollutants in Jinjie Power Plant PhaseⅢ,and Shouguang Power Plant was lower than 1,10,20 mg/m^(3),respectively.Moreover,Zhoushan Unit 4 and Sanhe Unit 4 had been in stable operation for more than seven years after achieving the NZE standard of clean coal combustion.The economy of the NZE was studied,the benefits of NZE of clean coal combustion in the views of economy,environment,and society were analyzed,the philosophical thinking on NZE technologies,standards,and practices were proposed,and the green development direction of clean electricity was projected.The NZE technologies and engineering practices promoted the development of environmental protection standards in China,while the standards promoted the advancement of related technologies.Based on China's national conditions,it was of great significance to continuously promote coal utilization in a clean and efficient way and continuously improve environmental protection standards,to guarantee energy security and sustainable development.