正渗透微生物燃料电池反向溶质通量和膜污染控制技术研究进展

Technical research progress of controlling reverse solute flux and membrane fouling in osmotic microbial fuel cell

正渗透微生物燃料电池(OsMFC)采用正渗透(FO)膜代替传统微生物燃料电池(MFC)中的质子交换膜,可以在回收生物电的同时借助FO膜对原料液即阳极污水进行处理并提取高质量水,该技术受到广泛关注。与传统MFC相比,OsMFC在产电性能和出水水质方面均有提升。但是,FO膜的引入使得OsMFC系统反向溶质扩散和膜污染等问题十分突出,进而导致FO膜的水通量降低,OsMFC的产电和产水性能下降,限制了OsMFC的发展和应用。随着近年来材料和生物等领域的不断发展,上述问题可以通过合理的技术手段解决。从优化OsMFC性能出发,重点从反向溶质通量(RSF)控制和膜污染控制2个方面对近几年的研究进行分析和总结,主要包括通过膜材料的选择、汲取液的选择和OsMFC系统内产电对RSF进行抑制,以及通过膜污染形成机制、膜污染的技术调控、膜污染清洗、膜材料的改性和阳极微生物的筛选与培养对膜污染进行控制,并对未来OsMFC的RSF和膜污染的控制技术进行了展望。

Forward osmosis microbial fuel cell(OsMFC)uses forward osmosis(FO)membrane to replace the proton exchange membrane in traditional microbial fuel cell(MFC),which can be used to treat the feed solution,i.e.anode sewage,and extract high quality water while recovering the bioelectricity.This technology attracts more and more attention.Compared with traditional MFC,OsMFC has been improved in electricity generation performance and effluent quality.However,the introduction of FO membrane makes the problems of reverse solute flux(RSF)and membrane fouling in OsMFC very prominent,which leads to the reduction of water flux of FO membrane,the degradation of OsMFC's electrical and water production performance,and limits the development and application of OsMFC.With the continuous development of materials and biology in recent years,the above problems can be solved by reasonable technical means.To optimize the performance of OsMFC,this paper focuses on the control of RSF and membrane fouling.It mainly included the inhibition of RSF through the selection of membrane materials,the selection of draw solutions and the electricity generation in OsMFC,as well as the control of membrane fouling by studying the formation mechanism of membrane fouling,the technical regulation of membrane fouling,membrane fouling cleaning,the membrane modification and the screening and cultivation of anode microorganisms.Finally,the technical developments for controlling RSF and membrane fouling in OsMFC in the future were prospected.