黑龙江省生态足迹时空演变与生态可持续分析

Spatial-temporal evolution and ecological sustainability analysis of ecological footprint in Heilongjiang Province

为分析黑龙江省生态可持续性状态,基于植被净初级生产力(NPP)构建了均衡因子和产量因子,采用改进的生态足迹模型,核算黑龙江省2000—2020年生态足迹、生态承载力,揭示生态足迹空间格局变化特征。结果表明:黑龙江省均衡因子为林地>草地>耕地>水域;产量因子为水域>草地>林地>耕地。黑龙江省21年间人均生态足迹增速远大于人均生态承载力,致使人均生态赤字状况日益严重;但考虑到国内贸易后,人均生态足迹呈现先增加后平稳状态,仅在2005—2010年为生态赤字状态,2010年后处于生态平衡状态;在空间上呈现明显的空间异质性。黑龙江省一直处于轻度消耗资产存量发展状态;耕地、草地资本流量无法满足社会需求;化石燃料生态足迹深度增长迅速,且表现为高生态赤字。黑龙江省总体呈现区域发展稍不安全、弱可持续发展状态;草地长期处于强不可持续状态。近年来黑龙江省生态环境状况得到有效改善,但土地资源利用不均的问题突出,应引起关注。

To analyze the ecological sustainability status of Heilongjiang Province,the equivalence factor and yield factor were constructed based on net primary productivity(NPP),and the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of Heilongjiang Province from 2000 to 2020 were calculated by the improved ecological footprint model.Also,the spatial pattern changes of ecological footprint were revealed,and the status of ecological sustainability was analyzed.The results showed:Firstly,the equivalence factor of different lands was in the order of forest land>grassland>cultivated land>water area,and the value of the yield factor was water area>grassland>forest land>cultivated land.Secondly,the growth rate of ecological footprint per capita was much greater than the ecological carrying capacity per capita over the past 21 years in Heilongjiang Province,resulting in an increasingly serious ecological deficit per capita.However,ecological footprint per capita first showed increased status and then stabilized when considering domestic trade.It was in the state of ecological deficit from 2005 to 2010,then in the state of ecological balance after 2010,and there was obvious spatial heterogeneity.Thirdly,Heilongjiang Province had always been in a state of light consumption of asset stock and the capital flow of arable land and grassland could not meet social needs.The ecological footprint of fossil fuels had grown rapidly in-depth and it was manifested by a high ecological deficit.Lastly,the overall regional development of Heilongjiang Province was in a state of slightly unsafe and weak sustainable development and the grassland had been in a state of strong unsustainability for a long time.The ecological environment status of Heilongjiang Province had been effectively improved in recent years;however,the problem of uneven utilization of land resources was prominent and should be paid attention to.