基于生命周期评价法的挡土墙环境影响分析

Environmental impact assessment of retaining walls based on life cycle assessment

挡土墙作为建筑领域常见构造物,合理优化与控制其生命周期内能源消耗及污染物排放,对发展低碳经济、控制全球变暖意义重大。针对挡土墙开展生命周期评价,研究3种挡土墙对环境的影响,对其特征化指标、加权综合指标以及墙高对其指标结果及变化率的影响规律进行对比分析。结果表明,重力式挡土墙对环境造成的负面影响最大,悬臂式挡土墙次之,加筋土挡墙最小,其中原材料生产阶段对3种挡土墙加权综合指标贡献最大。当墙高大于4 m时,重力式挡土墙与悬臂式挡土墙加权综合指标均大于加筋土挡墙,选择加筋土挡墙对环境的负面影响更小。通过对挡土墙生命周期评价,可以定量化分析其对环境的影响,并可选取最佳墙高,有助于挡土墙设计低碳的可持续性发展。

Retaining wall is a common structure in the architecture.It is significant to optimize and control the energy consumption and pollutant emission in the life cycle of retaining wall for developing low-carbon economy and controlling global warming.In this paper,retaining wall was considered as the evaluation object,and its life cycle was evaluated.The influence of 3 kinds of retaining wall on environment,the characteristic index,the weighted comprehensive index and the wall height’s influence on the index result and the change rate were compared and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively.The results showed that the gravity retaining wall had the greatest influence on the environment,the cantilever retaining wall taked the second place,and the reinforced retaining wall had the least.The production of raw materials contributed greatly to the weighted comprehensive index of the three kinds of retaining walls.When the wall height was large than 4 m,the weighted comprehensive index of gravity retaining wall and cantilever retaining wall was larger than that of reinforced retaining wall,and the selection of reinforced retaining wall had less negative impact on environment.Through the life cycle assessment of retaining wall,its environment impact could be quantitatively analyzed,and the best wall height could be chosen,which was helpful to the low-carbon sustainable development of retaining wall design.