石化企业环境风险分析与风险防控对策

Environmental Risk Analysis and Risk Prevention and Control Countermeasures in Petrochemical Enterprises

中国的支柱产业之一是石油化工,现代人们的生活离不开汽油、橡胶、化纤等众多石化产品。但石化行业生产工艺复杂、装置运行条件苛刻、物料多易燃爆有毒害等特征,决定了本行业存在高度的风险性。文章首先分析了石化企业物料及工艺系统危险性和部分企业环境制约发展现状,然后对环境风险事故的致因、演化过程及污染物影响环境的途径进行梳理,最后统计相关历史事故数据。在此基础上,针对石化企业特点统筹事故发生全过程,从降低发生概率和减小后果危害两方面入手,提出了涵盖11个方面措施的系统性环境风险防控对策,对石化企业环境风险防控能力提升具有重要意义。

One of the pillar industries in China is petrochemical industry.Modern people cannot live without gasoline,rubber,chemical fiber and many other petrochemical products.However,the petrochemical industry has a high degree of risk due to its complex production process,harsh plant operating conditions,and many inflammable and explosive materials.The article first analyzes the risks of materials and process systems in petrochemical enterprises,and the development status of environmental constraints in some enterprises.Then it combs the causes of environmental risk accidents,the evolution process,and the ways in which pollutants affect the environment.Finally,it counts the relevant historical accident data.On this basis,according to the characteristics of petrochemical enterprises,the whole process of accident occurrence is planned as a whole,and systematic environmental risk prevention and control countermeasures covering 11 measures are proposed from two aspects of reducing the probability of occurrence and reducing the consequences.It is of great significance to enhance the environmental risk prevention and control capability of petrochemical enterprises.