植物生长调节剂在果蔬中的应用与安全性分析研究进展

Research Progress on the Application and Safety Analysis of Plant Growth Regulator in Fruits and Vegetables

植物生长调节剂可有效提高果蔬产量、品质,其在果蔬生产中的应用越来越多;对植物生长调节剂残留危害风险的评估也成为了研究热点。本文综述了植物生长调节剂的主要类别、作用和在果蔬中的应用现状;并归纳分析了果蔬中多效唑、氯吡脲、赤霉酸、乙烯利、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)等几种主要生长调节剂的危害和残留现状;发现果蔬中乙烯利的平均残留量最高,葡萄、豆芽、草莓等果蔬中植物生长调节剂残留情况最为严重,其潜在的安全隐患应引起重视;而国家现行植物生长调节剂标准中并未覆盖一些果蔬,亟需完善植物生长调节剂残留相关标准及风险评估。

Plant growth regulators can effectively improve the yield and quality of fruits and vegetables,and their application in fruit and vegetable production is increasing.The risk assessment of plant growth regulator residues has also become a research hotspot.The paper reviews the main categories,functions and application status of plant growth regulators in fruits and vegetables.The harm and residue status of several main growth regulators such as paclobutrazol,forchlorfenuron,gibberellic acid,ethephon and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D)in fruits and vegetables are summarized and analyzed.It is found that the average residue of ethephon in fruits and vegetables is the highest,and the residue of plant growth regulator in fruits and vegetables such as grapes,bean sprouts and strawberries is the most serious,and its potential safety hazards should be paid attention to.However,the current national plant growth regulator standards do not cover some fruits and vegetables.It is urgent to improve the relevant standards and risk assessment of plant growth regulator residues.