小麦赤霉病源呕吐毒素的合成、检测及防控

Biosynthesis,detection,prevention and control of vomitoxin caused by Fusarium head blight in wheat

赤霉病是主要由禾谷镰刀菌侵染小麦、大麦和其他小谷类作物而造成作物减产的世界性病害。小麦赤霉病发病需要高温和高湿的环境条件,感染程度及发病范围主要由寄主自身的抗性决定,对粮食产业以及人类健康的危害主要来源于籽粒中积累的呕吐毒素(deoxynivalenol,DON)。赤霉病需要多层次、全流程的防治,而降低DON毒素的危害是防治赤霉病需要重点突破的环节。本文概述了DON的合成过程、致病机制、检测方法和脱毒策略,并提出防治赤霉病的思路,重点挖掘与DON毒素诱导、运输和转化相关的基因资源,为通过生物育种途径培育DON低积累小麦品种、减少DON危害提供参考。

Fusarium head blight caused primarily by Fusarium graminearum is a worldwide devastating disease of wheat,barley and other small grain cereals.Fusarium head blight incidence is mainly affected by high temperature and humidity,the degree of infection and the range of disease are mainly determined by the host’s own resistance,and accumulation of deoxynivalenol(DON)caused by Fusarium head blight poses a threat to the food industry and human health.Therefore,the prevention and control of Fusarium head blight should be performed at multi-level and in the whole-process,and reducing the harm from DON toxin is the key step in the control of Fusarium head blight.This paper reviewed the biosynthesis of DON,its toxicity mechanism,detection and detoxification methods,proposed strategies for prevention and control of the disease,particularlly emphasizing identification and utilization of the genes for DON induction,transportation and transformation in plants,with a hope for providing a reference for development of wheat varieties with low DON accumulation in edible parts through biological breeding approach.