人群聚集与用地构成关系下的职住平衡研究——以贵阳市主城区为例

Jobs-Housing Balance under the Relation between Population Aggregation and Landuse Structure:A Case Study based on Central Urban Area in Guiyang City

城市空间单元职住平衡水平受用地布局的影响明显,根据用地规划数据预测城市内各单元的职住比对指导规划方案的优化调整具有重要意义。基于用地结构与人群聚集的相互关系,以百度热力数据、2018年和2020年用地现状及规划数据为基础,选用多尺度地理加权回归(MGWR)模型对规划方案的人群聚集分布进行预测,进而分析和比较城市空间结构、职住平衡状况和不同职住类型单元的用地结构差异。结果表明:(1)MGWR模型能更好地对规划方案的人群聚集进行预测;(2)贵阳市主城区各城市功能组团在不同时段的人群聚集均存在较大差异,主城区始终呈“双核多组团”的空间结构;(3)按职住比对空间单元类型进行划分,其空间分布格局由内向外始终呈“居住倾向—相对平衡—就业倾向”的圈层变化,规划方案对研究区的职住平衡具有促进作用;(4)居住倾向型单元与就业倾向型单元在用地构成上的差异最大,相对平衡型单元与就业倾向型单元的差异其次,居住倾向型单元和相对平衡型单元的用地构成差异最小。最后,从促进职住平衡的目标出发提出优化建议,以期为规划方案的调整提供参考。

Housing and employment are both considered basic functions of a city, and they carry the activities of residents to a large extent. Thereby, research on jobs-housing balance has always been an important topic in urban development and planning research. As urbanization progresses, the jobs-housing balance of the urban space units is significantly affected by the land use layout. Predicting the jobshousing ratio of each urban unit based on the land use planning data is of great significance to guide the optimization and adjustment of the respective planning schemes. However, the existing Chinese works in the literature on jobs-housing balance mostly focus on megacities, and few attention is paid to cities that still need to be developed. Moreover,no deeper studies on the influence of land use patterns on crowding behaviors and jobs-housing balance exist and it is impossible to predict the jobs-housing balance in the future according to the planning schemes.Based on the relation between the land use structure and population aggregation, the population aggregation and jobs-housing balance in the central urban area of Guiyang City were predicted by using the Multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression(MGWR) model based on the implementation of the Baidu heat map and urban land use data.On this basis, differences among the different jobs-housing types of units were systematically analyzed and some planning suggestions were put forward, aiming to provide some references to the jobs-housing balance assessment and land use optimization. From the extracted results it was demonstrated that:(1) MGWR model can better predict population aggregation and jobs-housing balance in the planning schemes.(2) There are great differences in population aggregation among urban functional groups of the study area in different periods,while the study area always presents a spatial structure of "dual-core and multi-groups".(3) The spatial units were divided according to the jobs-housing ratio. Spatially, the study area was always composed of "residential orientation-relatively balanced and employment orientation" from the inside to the outside areas. The planning scheme can also promote a jobs-housing balance in the study area.(4) The difference in land use composition between the residential orientation units and the employment orientation units is the largest, followed by the difference between the relatively balanced units and the employment orientation units. The difference between the residential orientation units and the relatively balanced units is the smallest.Finally, some planning suggestions for the planning schemes were put forward in order to promote jobs-housing balance. On the urban functional groups and the spatial structures, and the urban land use pattern was optimized. Specific schemes were also proposed according to the "residential orientation units" in the central urban area and the "employment orientation units" in the marginal areas dominated by the industrial parks. This can facilitate the transformation of the spatial pattern from "dual-core and multi-units" to the balanced development mode of the "multi-centers and multi-groups". With respect to optimization and adjustment of the control units, land development and reconstruction modes with intensive land use, mixed functions, small blocks, and dense road networks were advocated. The "residential orientation units" had to be adjusted firstly and then the "employment orientation units" were tuned. Under the premise of environmental safety,it was suggested to form a comprehensive community with complicated functions in accordance with the industrial orientation and overall scale of the urban functional groups where the unit lies.