基于绿色低碳运营的航站楼构型设计方法——以揭阳潮汕机场与广州白云机场T2航站楼为例

Configuration Design Method of Airport Terminals based on Green and Low-carbon Operation:A Case Study based on Jieyang Chaoshan Airport and Guangzhou Baiyun Airport Terminal 2

航站楼构型对延误水平、滑行时间、停机位使用效率等空侧运行指标的影响,并进一步提出上述参数与绿色低碳运营的关联规律。以揭阳潮汕机场航站楼与广州白云机场T2航站楼为例,航站楼构型仿真模拟及低碳相关数据验证分析,结合旅客步行距离、近机位数量、航站楼单位面积提供近机位展线长度三个绿色航站楼参数,总结提出构型关键设计参数指标评价体系,形成一套实现绿色低碳运营的航站楼构型设计方法。

Domestic and international research and design practices have fully demonstrated that the configuration of airport terminal buildings during the planning and design phase is one of the main factors affecting airport operational efficiency. Furthermore, reducing car emissions at airports by shortening ground taxiing time is fundamental to realizing green airport operation. However, there is a lack of sufficient research and data analysis on the relationship between the configuration of terminal buildings and lowcarbon operation. No effective implementation method for achieving energy-saving and emission-reducing effects in the planning and design stages has been proposed yet.Based on the quantitative relationships between the configuration of terminals and operation efficiency indicators such as delay time, taxi time, and utilization ratio of gate position,this study proposed an innovative interpretation of the effect of terminal building configuration on green airport operation. Combined with passenger walking distance and intensive land-use efficiency requirements in the Green Terminal Building Specification of Civil Aviation Administration of China(CAAC), a multidimensional and comprehensive configuration design method and evaluation system for green terminal buildings that can realize green and low-carbon operation was formed.According to the planning and design principles of CAAC, which state that "the configuration of the airport terminal building should be determined after comprehensive evaluation of operational efficiency, number of aircraft parking stands, passenger walking distance, phased development, and construction costs", this study selected aircraft delay, taxiing time,utilization ratio of gate positions, maximum walking distance of departing passengers, number of standard Code-C parking stands, and spread length of available stands per unit construction area of terminal buildings as the configuration balancing indicators to achieve the comprehensively optimal configuration scheme of terminal buildings.Based on a green and low-carbon background, a simulation model was constructed with practical running data to determine the calculation path of influences of terminal configuration on the carbon emissions of aircrafts. By using advanced simulation tools, including AirTOP and TAAM, various operation indicators were simulated and generated in high-accuracy aircraft operation to provide strong and statistical analysis-based data supports for analysis and relevant decision making. Combined with estimation methods of aircraft carbon emissions recommended by the International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO) and practical operation data of airports in China, the quantitative relationship between taxiing time and CO2 emissions was established. Moreover, effects of evaluation parameters on green and low-carbon operation were evaluated comprehensively according to experts' experiences and research in China and foreign countries, including calculation methods and data of carbon emissions by passenger shuttle buses and auxiliary power unit(APU) of aircrafts during operation of remote boarding gates. Accuracy and effectiveness of evaluation results were verified by practical operation data for the configuration of terminal buildings at Chaoshan Jieyang Airport and Guangzhou Baiyun Airport.The developed evaluation system and design method created a comparative evaluation method for the green and low-carbon operation efficiency of the configuration scheme during the planning and design stages, which decreased carbon emissions by 12.6% at Baiyun Airport. With adaptions for hot and humid climates, the western frontage line of near gate positions accounts for less than 20% of carbon emissions. According to energy-saving calculation, the energy consumption decreased by 17% with the configuration of a cooling supply. The recommended configuration of terminal buildings provides sufficient near gate positions, and the bridging rate of aircraft reaches as high as 87.6%. With reference to the operation data in 2019, it increased the all-weather travel convenience for more than 6 million Chinese and foreign passengers to use the gallery bridge compared to the selective configuration.During evaluation of the configuration scheme of terminal buildings, relevant green indicators must be considered comprehensively and attention must be paid to design philosophy and development needs in accordance with the practical conditions of airports. The optimal scheme was developed using the multidimensional comprehensive configuration design method of terminal buildings, which provided an effective way to realize the CAAC's goal of constructing green airports during planning and design stages.