蜘蛛的种类和捕食策略对假眼小绿叶蝉捕食效率的影响

Effects of spider species and foraging strategies on the predation efficiency to Empoasca vitis

害虫的生物防治是一项重要的生态系统服务措施。为探究茶园生态系统中蜘蛛群落的动态变化,并比较不同种类和捕食策略的蜘蛛对茶园害虫假眼小绿叶蝉(Empoasca vitis Gothe)的捕食效率,本研究通过野外调查和室内饲养试验相结合的方法,于2012—2013年调查了云南普洱大尖山茶场4月、6月、8月和11月蜘蛛群落的动态变化。此外,在茶园内选取了8种常见蜘蛛,并根据捕食策略将其分为结网等待型蜘蛛和游猎型蜘蛛,在室内模拟茶园生境建立微生态系统,测定每种蜘蛛个体对假眼小绿叶蝉的日捕食量。结果显示,该茶场中蜘蛛的物种数和多度在6月和11月呈现明显的上升,结网等待型蜘蛛占据优势地位;不同种类的蜘蛛对假眼小绿叶蝉的捕食量存在显著差异,游猎型蜘蛛的日捕食量显著高于结网等待型蜘蛛。综上所述,茶园中蜘蛛群落变化与假眼小绿叶蝉的种群动态相关,且蜘蛛的种类和捕食策略会显著影响其对假眼小绿叶蝉的捕食效率。因此,深入了解捕食性天敌的特性有助于更好地预测茶园生态系统中害虫生物防治的效果。

Biological control of pests is an important ecosystem service.This research aimed to explore the dynamic change of spider community in tea plantation ecosystem,and compare the predation efficiency of spiders with different species identities and foraging strategies to the green leafhopper pest,Empoasca vitis Gothe(Homoptera:Cicadellidae).This study combined field survey with feeding experiment in the lab,investigated the dynamic change of spider community in Apr.,Jun.,Aug.and Nov.in Dajian Mountain Tea Plantation in Pu’er City,Yunnan Province from 2012 to 2013.Furthermore,eight common spider species were collected from tea plantation and divided into sit-and-wait spider(SW spider)and actively hunting spider(AH spider)according to their predation strategies.The daily leafhopper consumption of each individual spider was measured in the microecosystem simulated to tea plantation.The results showed that the species number and abundance of spiders in Dajian Mountain Tea Plantation increased significantly in Jun.and Nov.,and the sit-and-wait spiders were the dominant ones;the predation efficiency of different spider species on the green leafhopper was significantly different and the daily leafhopper consumption of AH spiders was significant higher than that of SW spiders.In conclusion,the changes of spider community in the tea plantation are related to the population dynamics of the green leafhopper,and the species identity and foraging strategy of spider will significantly affect the predation efficiency to the green leafhopper.Therefore,an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of predatory natural enemies will help to better predict the effect of biological control of pests in tea plantation ecosystem.