四川盆地区域不整合特征及其对油气成藏的控制作用

Regional unconformities and their controls on hydrocarbon accumulation in Sichuan Basin,SW China

基于露头、地震和钻井等资料,对四川盆地主要区域不整合特征及其对油气成藏的作用进行系统研究。结果表明:(1)四川盆地主要发育6个区域地层不整合,由下至上分别是前震旦系与震旦系之间、震旦系与寒武系之间、前二叠系与二叠系之间、中上二叠统之间、中上三叠统之间以及三叠系与侏罗系之间的不整合,已发现的21个常规大气田(包括致密气)中有16个的形成与区域性不整合有关。(2)区域性地层不整合对四川盆地大气田成藏有重要作用:一是通过风化壳岩溶作用改善不整合面之下储集体的孔渗条件,形成规模岩溶储集层;二是不整合面附近有利于形成良好源储盖组合,为大气田形成提供基础;三是产生地层尖灭和高低不平的古地貌,形成大面积地层圈闭和岩性圈闭群;四是为油气侧向运移提供优势通道;五是有利于油气规模聚集。(3)与区域性不整合相关的领域是四川盆地大气田勘探的重点,前震旦系具备形成大气田的烃源岩、储集层及其良好的配置条件,具有较大勘探潜力,有望成为重要战略接替领域。

Based on outcrop,seismic and drilling data,the main regional unconformities in the Sichuan Basin and their controls on hydrocarbon accumulation were systematically studied.Three findings are obtained.First,six regional stratigraphic unconformities are mainly developed in the Sichuan Basin,from the bottom up,which are between pre-Sinian and Sinian,between Sinian and Cambrian,between pre-Permian and Permian,between middle and upper Permian,between middle and upper Triassic,and between Triassic and Jurassic.Especially,16 of 21 conventional(and tight)gas fields discovered are believed to have formed in relation to regional unconformities.Second,regional unconformity mainly controls hydrocarbon accumulation from five aspects:(1)The porosity and permeability of reservoirs under the unconformity are improved through weathering crust karstification to form large-scale karst reservoirs;(2)Good source-reservoir-caprock assemblage can form near the unconformity,which provides a basis for forming large gas field;(3)Regional unconformity may lead to stratigraphic pinch-out and rugged ancient landform,giving rise to a large area of stratigraphic and lithologic trap groups;(4)Regional unconformity provides a dominant channel for lateral migration of oil and gas;and(5)Regional unconformity is conducive to large-scale accumulation of oil and gas.Third,the areas related to regional unconformities are the exploration focus of large gas fields in the Sichuan Basin.The pre-Sinian is found with source rocks,reservoir rocks and other favorable conditions for the formation of large gas fields,and presents a large exploration potential.Thus,it is expected to be an important strategic replacement.