湖相细粒沉积岩中晶粒方解石成因及其对火山-热液活动的指示——以吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组为例

Genesis of granular calcite in lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks and its indication to volcanic-hydrothermal events:A case study of Permian Lucaogou Formation in Jimusar Sag,Junggar Basin,NW China

以准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组细粒沉积岩中晶粒方解石为研究对象,综合运用岩心观察、薄片观察、阴极发光分析、流体包裹体测试、扫描电镜、同位素组成分析等手段,对湖相细粒沉积岩中自生矿物的成因开展研究。结果表明:晶粒方解石呈层状分布于沉凝灰岩发育层段或沉凝灰岩与泥晶白云岩过渡层段的细粒沉积物中,方解石具有明显的阴极发光环带,可分为3期:Ⅰ期方解石不发光,含有较高的Sr元素,包裹体中包含羰基硫成分,均一温度超过170℃,由火山-热液喷流物质沉积形成;Ⅱ期方解石呈亮黄色光,含有较高的Fe、Mn、Mg元素,轻稀土元素富集,包裹体均一温度高,为热液喷流的钙质环边重结晶形成;Ⅲ期方解石呈暗橙色发光的环带,含有较高的Mg、P、V等元素,稀土元素无明显分异,包裹体均一温度低,为埋藏过程中成岩转化形成。晶粒方解石在垂向上规律性出现,并且其形成温度由颗粒中心向边缘降低,为芦草沟组沉积时期的火山-热液活动提供了直接证据。沉积期火山-热液活动有利于芦草沟组细粒沉积岩中的有机质富集,对优质烃源岩发育有正面效应,并且火山-热液喷流物质在演化过程中易形成晶间孔缝,为页岩油自生自储创造了条件。

Granular calcite is an authigenic mineral in fine-grained sedimentary rocks.Core observation,thin section observation,cathodoluminescence analysis,fluid inclusion analysis,scanning electron microscope(SEM),and isotopic composition analysis were combined to clarify the genesis of granular calcite in the lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks of the Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimusar Sag,Junggar Basin.It is found that the granular calcite is distributed with laminated characteristics in fine-grained sedimentary rocks in tuffite zones(or the transitional zone between tuffite and micritic dolomite).Granular calcite has obvious cathodoluminesence band,and it can be divided into three stages.Stage-I calcite,with non-luminesence,high content of Sr element,inclusions containing COS,and homogenization temperature higher than 170℃,was directly formed from the volcanic-hydrothermal deposition.Stage-II calcite,with bright yellow luminescence,high contents of Fe,Mn and Mg,enrichment of light rare earth elements(LREEs),and high homogenization temperature,was formed by recrystallization of calcareous edges from exhalative hydrothermal deposition.Stage-III calcite,with dark orange luminescence band,high contents of Mg,P,V and other elements,no obvious fractionation among LREEs,and low homogenization temperature,was originated from diagenetic transformation during burial.The granular calcite appears regularly in the vertical direction and its formation temperature decreases from the center to the margin of particles,providing direct evidences for volcanic-hydrothermal events during the deposition of the Lucaogou Formation.The volcanic-hydrothermal event was conducive to the enrichment of organic matters in fine-grained sedimentary rocks of the Lucaogrou Formation,and positive to the development of high-quality source rocks.The volcanic-hydrothermal sediments might generate intergranular pores/fractures during the evolution,creating conditions for the self-generation and self-storage of shale oil.