松辽盆地古龙页岩油储集层压裂改造工艺实践与发展建议

Practice and development suggestions of hydraulic fracturing technology in the Gulong shale oil reservoirs of Songliao Basin,NE China

阐述了古龙页岩油多轮次压裂工艺技术迭代升级历程,结合古龙页岩油井开发生产动态,提出关于压裂改造工艺的发展建议。高密度页理缝控制下,古龙页岩压裂裂缝形态复杂,但缝高、缝长受到明显抑制,人工裂缝扩不高、延不远,成为古龙页岩油储集层有效改造的主要制约,压裂设计应遵循“控近扩远”设计理念。提升胍胶压裂液的比例、降低段内簇数、提高施工排量、正向利用应力干扰有利于裂缝扩展延伸,改造体积显著增大。主体压裂工艺迭代升级后的油藏适应性明显提升,实现了低返排率下的快速见油,井组生产初期含油率升高,有利于提高页岩油井产量。建议下一步围绕抑制近井微缝扩展、完善CO_(2)泵注程序、合理控制射孔密度、优化支撑剂组合模式、合理优化井网井距、谨慎使用纤维拌注工艺6个方面,进一步迭代优化压裂工艺技术,提升压裂改造体积、远井裂缝复杂程度以及长效导流能力。

This paper reviews the multiple rounds of upgrades of the hydraulic fracturing technology used in the Gulong shale oil reservoirs and gives suggestions about stimulation technology development in relation to the production performance of Gulong shale oil wells.Under the control of high-density bedding fractures,fracturing in the Gulong shale results in a complex fracture morphology,yet with highly suppressed fracture height and length.Hydraulic fracturing fails to generate artificial fractures with sufficient lengths and heights,which is a main restraint on the effective stimulation in the Gulong shale oil reservoirs.In this regard,the fracturing design shall follow the strategy of“controlling near-wellbore complex fractures and maximizing the extension of main fractures”.Increasing the proportions of guar gum fracturing fluids,reducing perforation clusters within one fracturing stage,raising pump rates and appropriately exploiting stress interference are conducive to fracture propagation and lead to a considerably expanded stimulated reservoir volume(SRV).The upgraded main hydraulic fracturing technology is much more applicable to the Gulong shale oil reservoirs.It accelerates the oil production with a low flowback rate and lifts oil cut during the initial production of well groups,which both help to improve well production.It is suggested to optimize the hydraulic fracturing technology in six aspects,namely,suppressing propagation of near-wellbore microfractures,improving the pumping scheme of CO_(2),managing the perforating density,enhancing multi-proppant combination,reviewing well pattern/spacing,and discreetly applying fiber-assisted injection,so as to improve the SRV,the distal fracture complexity and the long-term fracture conductivity.