微/纳塑料对土壤动物的毒性作用:进展与展望

Toxic Effects of Micro/Nano Plastics on Soil Animals:Research Progress and Prospectives

微/纳塑料(MNPs)作为一种新型污染物,在土壤中分布广泛。MNPs能作用于土壤动物而引发生态毒性风险,该文综述了这方面研究的新进展。蚯蚓、线虫和跳虫等常见土壤动物能摄食MNPs,并通过消化和排泄影响MNPs在土壤中分布。MNPs可在个体、组织器官和分子水平上引发土壤动物的毒性效应,如生长发育、运动行为、生殖和神经毒性。MNPs毒性作用与肠道损伤、机体代谢改变、氧化应激和相关基因表达异常等机制相关,并在不同类型和不同尺寸MNPs之间具有差异性。MNPs毒性还与添加剂释放和负载的其他污染物相关联。另外,土壤动物还会作为食物或通过食物链将MNPs传递给人体,引发健康风险。最后,对未来重点研究方向进行了展望。

Micro/nano plastics(MNPs)is a newly emerging class of pollutant widely distributed in soil.MNPs can affect soil animals and cause ecological toxicity risks.In this paper,an updated review of research progress in this aspect has been conducted.Common soil animals such as earthworms,nematodes,and spring worms can ingest MNPs and affect the distribution of MNPs in soil through digestion and excretion.The toxic effects of MNPs can manifest at various levels,including individual,tissue,and molecular levels,causing effects such as growth and development delays,altered motor behavior,reproduction toxicity and neurotoxicity in soil animals.The toxic effects of MNPs are related to mechanisms such as intestinal injury,metabolic changes,oxidative stress,and abnormal expression of related genes,which may vary depending on the type and size of MNPs.The toxicity of MNPs is also related to the release of plastic additives and other pollutants loaded by MNPs.In addition,soil animals can transmit MNPs to humans by becoming a food or a part of the food chain and cause health risks.Finally,future research directions are outlined.