微塑料对农田土壤理化性质、土壤微生物群落结构与功能的影响

Impact of Microplastics on the Physicochemical Properties,Microbial Community Structure,and Functions of Farmland Soils

微塑料作为一种新污染物普遍存在于各类环境介质中,土壤环境中的微塑料污染已受到全球的广泛关注。该研究围绕农田土壤中微塑料污染这一主题,在总结分析国内外最新研究进展的基础上,综述了微塑料对农田土壤理化性质、土壤微生物生物量以及微生物群落结构与功能的影响。通过农业活动等途径进入农田土壤的微塑料会在非生物和生物作用下发生风化和降解,并对土壤理化性质、养分循环和污染物相互作用产生影响,进而影响微生物生物量、微生物群落结构与多样性、土壤酶活性,以及碳、氮循环和污染物降解等土壤生物地球化学过程,且微塑料对上述指标的影响与微塑料自身性质、土壤类型和暴露条件等多种因素有关。最后,对未来土壤微塑料的研究方向做了展望,以期为后续研究提供参考和思路。

Microplastics,as a new type of pollutant,are widely present in various environmental media.The contamination of microplastics in soil environments has attracted global attention.The theme of this study revolves the contamination of microplastics in agricultural soil.Based on a summary and analysis of the latest research progress at home and abroad,a review was made of the impact of microplastics on the physicochemical properties of agricultural soil,soil microbial biomass,microbial community structure and function.Microplastics that enter agricultural soil through agricultural activities and other pathways will undergo weathering and degradation under non-biological and biological processes,and affect soil physicochemical properties,nutrient cycling,and the interaction of pollutants,thereby affecting soil microbial biomass,microbial community structure and diversity,soil enzyme activity,and soil biogeochemical processes such as carbon and nitrogen cycling,as well as pollutants degradation.The impacts of microplastics on the above indicators are related to various factors such as the properties of microplastics,soil type,and exposure conditions.This paper provides a prospect for future research directions on microplastics in soil,in the hope of providing reference and ideas for future research.