土壤微塑料对微生物及温室气体排放影响研究进展

Research Progress in the Effects of Microplastics on Soil Microorganisms and Greenhouse Gas Emission

由于塑料制品被大量使用,微塑料已广泛存在于土壤环境中,因其具有尺寸小、难降解、可随食物链转移等特性,已成为近年来国内外研究的热点。基于已有研究,讨论了微塑料通过改变土壤理化性质、微生物酶活性和基因功能等方式影响微生物多样性和群落组成以及微塑料降解和代谢活性,并针对土壤微塑料影响CO_(2)、N_(2)O和CH_(4)这3种典型温室气体排放的效应进行详细论述。在综合现有研究进展后针对土壤温室气体排放机制、不同微塑料种类造成的影响、进一步加强实际土壤条件下微塑料认知等方面进行讨论。

Extensive use of plastic products in daily life generates a huge sum of microplastics in soil environment.In recent years,research on microplastics has become a hot topic because of their small size,difficulty in degradation,ease to transfer with the food chain,and other characteristics.Based on existing literature,this review systematically analyzes how microplastics affect soil microbial metabolism and soil activity by changing soil physical and chemical properties and microbial ecology.Also,this review summarizes in detail the effects of microplastics on CO_(2),N_(2)O,and CH_(4) emissions.Finally,the mechanism of soil greenhouse gas emissions,the impact of different types of microplastics,and the advanced understanding of microplastics under actual soil conditions are discussed on the basis of available literatures.