元宇宙NFTs数字文化藏品商标权问题研究

Research on the Trademark Right of NFTs Digital Cultural Productsin the Meta-Universe

[目的]为保障元宇宙市场的公平竞争,在我国《商标法》规定的总体框架下,借鉴欧盟、美国的立法与司法实践,对NFTs商标侵权问题提供建议。[方法]通过分析多起典型案例、研究其中争议问题,寻求解决纠纷的法律路径。[结果]元宇宙中商标混淆与淡化的判断应当综合商标显著性与商标的功能,灵活使用传统多因素检测法,着重考虑NFTs创作者是否存在营利目的;合理使用和罗杰斯检验抗辩会受到“明显误导”的阻碍,NFTs以“独特资产”使用不能适用权利用尽原则。[结论]建议商标权人尽快扩展商标注册类型,加强商标在元宇宙中的投资与监管。国家应对虚拟商品或服务的商标注册申请设置审查指南、明确NFTs的属性并适当分类。

[Purposes]In order to guarantee fair competition in the meta-universe market,under the general framework of the provisions of trademark Law,the legislation and judicial practice of the European Union and America are referred to,to provide suggestions on the trademark infringement of NFTs.[Meth⁃ods]By analyzing many typical cases and studying the disputed issues,the legal path to solve the disputes is sought.[Findings]The judgment of trademark confusion and dilution in the metaverse should be based on trademark significance and trademark function,and the traditional multi-factor detection method should be flexibly used to consider whether the creators of NFTs have profit purpose.Fair use and Rogers test defences would be hampered by"clearly misleading"claims,and the way NFTs are used would affect their characterization,and"unique assets"could not apply the exhaustion principle.[Con⁃clusions]It is suggested that trademark owners should expand the types of trademark registration as soon as possible,and strengthen the investment and supervision of trademarks in the meta-universe.The State shall set up examination guidelines for applications for trademark registration of virtual goods or services,specify the attributes of NFTs and properly classify them.