外泌体在恶病质炎症反应中的作用及机制研究进展

Hazard and mediation mechanism of exosomes in the cachexia inflammatory response

恶病质是一种严重的慢性消耗性状态,是恶性肿瘤、终末期心力衰竭等疾病常见的并发症。恶病质进程中异常的炎症反应在肌肉、脂肪丢失及肿瘤增殖转移中发挥重要作用。近年研究发现,外泌体内携带的微小核糖核酸(microRNA)、长链非编码核糖核酸(lncRNA)等成分可通过介导细胞间通信,激活相关信号通路,促进多种炎性因子的分泌,从而介导恶病质炎症反应,影响局部和远端炎性微环境的形成,促进肿瘤细胞增殖、转移并抑制其凋亡,加速恶病质的进展。本文对外泌体与恶病质炎症反应的关系、恶病质炎症反应的危害及外泌体通过调控Toll样受体、核因子κB(NF-KB)、CC趋化因子配体2(CCL2)等分子和通路诱发恶病质炎症反应的作用机制进行综述,旨在为预防恶病质炎症反应及减缓恶病质进展提供新的思路。

Cachexia is a serious chronic wasting syndrome,which is a common complication of cancer,end-stage heart failure and other diseases.The abnormal inflammatory response in the process of cachexia plays an important role in the loss of muscle and fat,the proliferation and metastasis of tumors.In recent years,it has been found that microRNA and long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)carried in exosomes can mediate cell-to-cell communication,activate related signaling pathway to secrete various inflammatory factors.It mediates the inflammatory response of cachexia,affects the formation of local and distal inflammatory microenvironment,promotes tumor cell proliferation,metastasis and inhibits its apoptosis,thereby accelerating the progression of cachexia.This review mainly summarizes the relationship between exosome and cachexia inflammation response,the harm of cachexia inflammation response and the mechanism of action,and provides new ideas for preventing it and slowing down the cachexia progress.