新建校区对高校生均收入的影响——基于教育部直属高校的实证分析

The Impact of Building New Campus on Per Capita Income of Higher Education Institutions:An Empirical Analysis Based on the Universities Directly under the Ministry of Education

1999年高等教育大规模急剧扩张以来,高校办学资源日趋紧张,很多高校难以达到“生均一分地”的办学标准,不得不建设新校区以拓展办学空间。新建校区的出现对高校经费运行系统造成了强烈的冲击。本文基于1998—2016年教育部直属高校经费数据的研究发现:第一,虽然新建校区高校的生均总支出和生均总收入均显著高于非新建校区高校,但生均总收入的增长速度略慢于生均总支出,无论是财政性的基建拨款还是自筹收入都跟不上基建支出速度,且尚有较大规模的银行贷款收入和还本付息支出未纳入统计,收支不平衡为高校债务危机埋下了隐患。第二,新建校区高校的经费筹措规模整体扩大,但未能实现经费来源渠道多元化,其中财政拨款主要为教育事业费和基建拨款,自筹收入主要为事业收入。第三,新建校区对不同高校生均收入影响具有异质性,“985工程”院校生均总收入显著高于非“985工程”院校,统一入驻当地大学城能显著缓解高校经费筹措压力;相较于年级型,学院型布局模式会加大高校经费筹措压力。因此,建议我国高校一方面要进一步提高经费自筹能力,积极开拓经费来源渠道,减少对政府经费和事业收入的依赖;另一方面应尽可能优化新校区建设模式和布局模式,从降低成本角度减缓经费筹措压力。

Since the enrollment expansion in 1999,resources at universities have become increasingly constrained,with many unable to meet the"equal land for students"standard and having to construct new satellite campuses to expand their physical space.The emergence of these new campuses has significantly impacted the university funding system.This study is based on research into funding data from universities directly under the Ministry of Education between 1998 and 2016.The findings show that universities with new satellite campuses have a significantly higher total income per student than those without.Additionally,the financial and self-raised income per student of universities with new satellite campuses are also significantly higher,with financial income derived mainly from education expenses and infrastructure funding,while self-raised income comes from institutional revenue.The impact of new campuses on per capita income for different universities is heterogeneous,with"Project 985"universities having significantly higher total per capita income than non-"Project 985"universities.Unified settlement in local university towns can also significantly ease the pressure on universities to raise funds.Compared with the grade-based layout,the subject-based layout increases the pressure on universities to raise funds.On the one hand,it is necessary to improve universities'self-financing capability,explore funding sources and channels,and reduce dependence on government funds and institutional revenue.On the other hand,new campus construction and layout modes should be optimized as much as possible to ease the pressure on funding.