高校学术共同体推进学科生态建设的作用机制研究——以加州大学伯克利分校为例

Research on the Operating Mechanism of Academic Community to Promote the Construction of Disciplinary Ecology at Universities:The Case of UC Berkeley

学术共同体在一流大学学科生态建设中发挥着不可替代的作用。通过对美国加州大学伯克利分校学术评议会的制度规范和运行效果进行深入分析,研究发现,伯克利分校学术评议会通过合法性、适应性、合作性三大作用机制来构建良好学科生态,即:通过确立共治的行为规则来增强共治合法性;根据社会变化及时优化学科发展制度;通过多元主体协作不断推动学科创新发展。研究对我国高校学术共同体推进学科生态建设的启示如下:强化高校学术委员会的功能定位,完善组织结构;聚焦人才培养,根据环境需求积极改进培养制度;优化教师评价顶层设计,注重对教师在学术委员会中服务情况的考察;加强多元协同,推动不同主体深化合作。

Academic community plays an irreplaceable role in the construction of disciplinary ecology at first-class universities.Through an in-depth analysis of the institutional norms and operational effects of the University of California,Berkeley Academic Senate,the study reveals that the academic senate creates a benign disciplinary ecology through operating mechanisms of legitimacy,adaptability and cooperation,which is embodied in the following aspects:the Senate has strengthened its legitimacy of co-governance by establishing rules of co-governance,actively optimized the disciplinary system according to social changes,and constantly promoted the innovation of disciplines through multi-agent cooperation.The case of UC Berkeley indicates that the academic committee of Chinese universities could improve its functional orientation and organizational structure,actively adjust the talent training system to the social needs,optimize the top-level design for faculty evaluation and attach importance to faculty service in the academic committee,and continue to enhance cooperation among diverse entities.