小脑神经影像学在孤独症谱系障碍中的研究进展

Advances in cerebellar neuroimaging in autism spectrum disorders

孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder, ASD)是一种高异质性的神经发育障碍疾病。神经影像学研究表明ASD患者存在多个脑区的结构或功能改变,其中以前额叶皮层及边缘系统的研究最多,因此ASD相关综述主要集中于这些脑区。此外,另有多项研究表明小脑在认知和情绪行为中发挥着重要作用,可能是影响ASD患者核心症状的关键脑区之一,但相关总结文献报道较少。因此,笔者通过检索近年来ASD相关影像学研究,以小脑为切入点,对相关文献进行整理、分析和综述,以期为进一步揭示小脑在ASD发病机制中的作用提供思路和方向。

Autism Spectrum Disorders(ASD)is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders.Neuroimaging studies have shown that there are structural or functional changes in several brain regions in ASD patients,among which the prefrontal cortex and limbic system have been studied the most.Therefore,ASD-related reviews mainly focus on these brain regions.In addition,several studies have shown that the cerebellum plays an important role in cognition and emotional behavior,which may be one of the key brain regions affecting the core symptoms of ASD patients.However,there are few relevant summary reports.Therefore,by searching the imaging studies related to ASD in recent years and taking the structural and functional changes of the cerebellum as the breakthrough point,the relevant literatures were sorted out,analyzed and reviewed,in order to provide ideas and directions for further revealing the role of the cerebellum in the pathogenesis of ASD.