优绩主义能促进大学高质量发展吗?

Meritocracy can push high-quality development of university?

高质量发展既是大学回应社会发展的时代要求,也是大学自身现代化进程的主动选择。高质量发展要求大学的形式与实质绩效协调产出,以追求提升各利益相关者福祉的实质性贡献。然而作为社会精英统治的普遍整体意识形态与个人生存策略,优绩主义已全面渗透到大学内部治理场域,在激发行动者外在动机的同时存在一定负面效应,难以真正促进大学高质量发展:过度激励学术产出,助长形式绩效的繁荣;遮蔽科研实质绩效,导致基础研究边缘化;助推学术生态内卷,侵蚀大学“学术共同善”。鉴于此,大学治理应限定优绩主义,通过如下路径推动大学高质量发展:强化对绩效的实质性评价,促进双重绩效协调产出;塑造大学理性绩效文化,打破学术生态低效内卷;限定优绩的核心伦理,关注公平,构建大学“学术共同善”。

High-quality development is not only a response to the requirements of the times of social development,but also an active choice of the modernization process of the university itself,which requires universities to output the formal and substantial performance coordinately and pursues the substantial contribution of the university to the improvement of the well-being of all stakeholders.However,as the general overall ideology of social elite rule and individual survival strategy,meritocracy has penetrated into the internal governance field of universities,while stimulating the external motivation of the actors,there are certain negative effects,which makes it difficult to really promote the high-quality development of universities:it over-stimulated academic competition,encouraged the prosperity of formal performance;obscured the substantial performance,led to the marginalization of basic research;boosted the involution of academic ecology and eroded the"academic common good"of universities.Therefore,university governance should limit meritocracy,strengthen the substantive evaluation of"excellent performance"and promote the coordinated output of dual performances;shape the university′s rational performance culture and break the low efficiency involution of academic ecology;limit the core ethics of"excellent performance"and focus on fairness,construct"academic common good"in universities,and finally promote the high-quality development of universities by coordinating the output of formal and substantial performance.