基于SDGs的广东省水资源可持续性评价

Water resources sustainability evaluation in Guangdong Province based on SDGs

围绕SDGs水资源相关目标,构建了本土化水资源综合可持续性评价指标体系,采用熵权法对广东省及其21个地级市水资源可持续发展水平进行了综合评价,并分析了广东省水资源可持续性的现状及历史演变。研究结果表明:2010—2019年广东省水资源综合可持续性缓慢提升,可持续性时空差异、目标差异均十分明显,珠三角核心区水资源综合可持续性较高,粤东及粤西地区较低;生态环境系统对可持续性支撑度最高,其次为水资源系统与效率系统,公平系统支撑度最低;供水、蓄水能力的改善及水资源利用效率的不断提升促进了水资源综合可持续性的提升,水生态退化、水环境恶化、水资源空间失衡等因素是水资源综合可持续发展的最主要限制因素;用水效率提升目标(SDGs6.4)可持续性最高,水质改善目标(SDGs6.3)、水生态恢复目标(SDGs6.6)及淡水生态系统保护目标(SDGs14.1)可持续性明显落后,水资源综合管理能力提升目标(SDGs6.5)及陆地生态环境修复目标(SDGs15.1)可持续性尚可,水资源综合可持续性呈现效率优势与“水质污染水生态”劣势并存的态势。

Focusing on water resources related sustainable development goals(SDGs),a localized water resources sustainability evaluation index system was constructed,and the entropy weight method was used to evaluate the sustainable development level of water resources in Guangdong Province and its 21 prefecture-level cities.Then,the current situation and historical evolution of water resources sustainability in Guangdong Province were analyzed.The results show that the water resources comprehensive sustainability in Guangdong Province increased slowly from 2010 to 2019,with obvious differences of sustainability in time,space,and goals,and the sustainability was high in the core region of the Pearl River Delta,but low in eastern and western Guangdong Province;the ecological environment system had the highest support for sustainability,followed by the water resources system and efficiency system,and the equity system had the weakest influence;the improvement of water supply and storage capacity,as well as the continuous improvement of water resources utilization efficiency,promoted the enhancement of water resources sustainability,while water ecological degradation,water environment deterioration,and spatial imbalance of water allocation tended to be the most important limiting factors of water resources sustainable development.In addition,the water-use efficiency goal(SDGs6.4)had the highest sustainability,the water quality improvement goal(SDGs6.3),water ecological restoration goal(SDGs6.6),and freshwater ecosystem protection goal(SDGs14.1)obviously lagged behind,and the goals of integrated water resources management improvement(SDGs6.5)and terrestrial ecological environment restoration(SDGs15.1)were at an intermediate level.In general,water resources comprehensive sustainability was characterized by the coexistence of efficiency advantage and integrated disadvantage of water quality,pollution,and ecology.