不同颜色地膜对羊肚菌生长发育的影响

Effects of Colored Plastic Mulches on Growth and Development of Morchella

采用7种不同颜色地膜(红、绿、黑、白黑、银、银黑、透明膜)栽培梯棱羊肚菌(Morchella importuna)菌株6611-7396、6611-5155和六妹羊肚菌(M.sextelata)菌株JNLM6-2、JNLM7-29,观察菌丝长势和子囊果发育情况,测定地膜内外光照强度和气温、土壤温度和羊肚菌产量,研究不同颜色地膜对羊肚菌生长发育的影响。结果表明:透明膜透光率最高,黑膜、银黑膜透光率较低。七种地膜内湿度均大于地膜外湿度。绿膜处理的地膜内积温最高,为(99735.1±4.0)℃;银黑膜处理的较低,为(87632.0±3.3)℃。绿膜处理土壤积温较高,为(101215.3±1.6)℃;黑膜土壤积温较低,为(95675.2±1.6)℃。黑膜、白黑膜、银黑膜、银膜膜内温度相对较低,既可有效抑制杂草生长,又有利于羊肚菌丝生长。透明膜、绿膜和红膜透光率高,有利于羊肚菌子囊、子囊孢子和侧丝正常发育,子囊果形态较好,出菇整齐,生长周期属于中周期,产量较高。红膜、绿膜透明膜较适合用于梯棱羊肚菌栽培,其处理的梯棱羊肚菌菌株6611-5155的产量较高,分别为(472.6±353.3)、(591.0±168.6)、(528.9±320.3)g·m^(-2)。研究结果可为优化羊肚菌地膜栽培技术提供参考。

Four Morchella strains,M.importuna 6611-7396,M.importuna 6611-5155,M.sextelata JNLM 6-2,and M.sextelata JNLM7-29 were cultivated in the field using seven different colored plastic mulch films(red film,green film,black film,white-black film,silver film,silver-black film,transparent film).Light intensity,air temperature,soil temperature inside and outside the colored plastic mulch films and Morchella yield were measured,the mycelial growth and ascocarp development of the four strains were observed.The results showed that the transmittance of transparent film was the highest,and the transmittance of black film and silver-black film was low.The humidity inside the seven kinds of mulch films was greater than that outside the films.The accumulated air temperature in the green film treatment was the highest,which was(99735.1±4.0)℃.Use of silver-black mulch film resulted in a lower accumulated air temperature of(87632.0±3.3)℃.The accumulated soil temperature of green film treatment was high,reaching(101215.3±1.6)℃,whereas that of black film was(95675.2±1.6)℃.The temperatures inside black film,white-black film,silver-black film,and silver film were relatively low,which not only effectively inhibited weed growth,but also promoted mycelial growth.The transparent film,green film and red film showed high light transmittance that allowed normal development of ascus,spores and lateral filaments of Morchella,and the resultant fruiting bodies showed good morphology,neat fruiting with a medium growth cycle,and high yields.Strain 6611-5155 treated with red film,green film,and transparent film had high yields,which were(472.6±353.3),(591.0±168.6)and(528.9±320.3)g·m~(-2),respectively.Transparent film,green film and red film were suitable for Morchella cultivation.The results of this study provided a reference for optimizing plastic mulch cultivation techniques of morels.