波伏娃《第二性》“他者”概念辨析及其启发

Analysis of and Enlightenment from the Concept of"the Other"in Beauvoir′s The Second Sex

《第二性》回顾了女性被父权制塑造为“他者”的历史,凸显自我与“他者”之间的对立,“他者”类似于黑格尔、萨特和海德格尔笔下的“他者”,与自我的矛盾绝对化。为了实现妇女解放,波伏娃提出了两种互相冲突的宏观理论模型,或强调两性之间抽象的和谐,或把女性转化为新的主体并统治未知事物即新的“他者”,而她提出的具体路径则具有模糊性和简单化倾向。究其原因,是作者受到了二元对立思维和两性生理结构的影响,而只有从西方哲学破除本体论神话的整体转向出发,把个体作为多元混生、无穷无尽的空间网络的节点,构建超越二元对立和中心主义的网状关系,才能为两性平等寻求更多可能。

harmony between the sexes or transforming women into new subjects ruling the unknown,which is"the new other".Yet the specific path she put forward was vague and simplistic.The reason is that the author was influenced by the dualistic thinking and the physiological structure of two genders.Only by starting from the overall turn of western philosophy to break the ontological myth,taking individuals as the nodes of a multi-mixed,endless spatial network,and building a network relationship beyond dualistic opposition and centralism,can we seek more possibilities for gender equality.