栽培条件及工艺对西红花产量和品质的影响研究进展

Research progress on the effects of cultivation conditions and techniques on the yield and quality of saffron

西红花是珍贵的药食同源品种,具有极高的经济和药用价值,是我国目前紧缺的名贵中药材之一。由于其先天不育,产量极低,我国目前产量远不能满足国内市场需求。在西红花栽培过程中不同的栽培条件和工艺对其产量和品质有很大的影响。本文从产地因素、母球大小与留芽数目、栽培基质、种植方式、种植密度及深度、肥力及生物激素的使用、病害与药剂防治等栽培条件及工艺对西红花产量和质量影响研究进展进行了综述,同时对西红花栽培中相关问题及未来研究方向给出了一定的展望,为国内西红花的栽培种植提供参考,以期助力我国西红花种植产业的发展。

Saffron is a precious medicinal and edible homologous variety with high economic and medicinal value,and is one of the rare Chinese medicinal materials in short supply in China.Due to its congenital sterility and extremely low yield,Chi⁃na's current output is far from meeting the domestic market demand.In the process of saffron cultivation,different cultiva⁃tion conditions and techniques have a great influence on its yield and quality.In this paper,the recent research progress about the factors of origin,the size of the cue ball and the number of remaining buds,the cultivation substrate,the planting method,the planting density and depth,the fertility and the use of biological hormones which effect on yield and quality of saffron were discussed.The research progress of the influence of cultivation conditions and techniques on the yield and con⁃tent of active ingredients of saffron was reviewed.At the same time,a certain prospect is given for the related issues in the cultivation of saffron and the future research direction,which provides a reference for the cultivation and planting of saffron in my country,in order to promote the development of the saffron planting industry in China.