遮蔽与解蔽:从“认识论断裂”到马克思哲学革命

Covering and Uncovering: From "epistemological rupture" to Marx'sphilosophical revolution

为了对流行于上个世纪60年代以前的人道主义马克思主义进行抨击,阿尔都塞进行了一场反人道主义的科学主义理论运动。阿尔都塞指出马克思思想发展过程中存在一个“认识论断裂”。在此之前,马克思都处于人道主义阶段,其理论是不科学的;在此之后,马克思建立了历史唯物主义,从而使其重新建构的理论变得科学。但深入马克思的文本,我们就会发现这种“认识论断裂”实际上是不存在的。因为一方面“科学的”历史唯物主义在“认识论断裂”之前已经初见萌芽,另一方面人道主义的“问题式”在“认识论断裂”之后依旧存在。“认识论断裂”有着哲学指向,也即马克思哲学革命。在通过“认识论断裂”来分析马克思哲学革命时,我们一方面要在本真意义上还原“哲学的终结”的真实含义,另一方面还要对新唯物主义的实质进行理论界定。

In order to attack the humanitarian Marxism popular before the 1960s,Althusser carried out an anti-humanitarian scientific theory movement.Althusser pointed out that there was an epistemological fracture in the development of Marx's thought.Before that,Marx was in the humanitarian stage,and his theory was unscientific.After that,Marx established historical materialism,which made his reconstructed theory become scientific.However,if we go deep into Marx's text,we will find that this"epistemological fracture"does not actually exist.Because on the one hand,"scientific"historical materialism has sprouted before the"epistemological rupture",on the other hand,the"problem type"of humanitarianism still exists after the"epistemological rupture".The"epistemological rupture"has a philosophical direction,that is,Marx's philosophical revolution.When analyzing Marx's philosophical revolution through"epistemological rupture",we should restore the true meaning of"the end of philosophy"in the true sense on the one hand,and theoretically define the essence of new materialism on the other hand.