“西洋馆华夷译语”对音系统的多元一体

Pluralistic Unity of the Corresponding Transcription System of Hsi-yang-kuan Hua-yi-yi-yü

“西洋馆华夷译语”是乾隆十三年敕谕纂“华夷译语”系列中的五种,记录法语、拉丁语、意大利语、葡萄牙语和德语。截至目前,对于判断这套译语的性质以及诸多特征间的关联尚存难点。本文从语言接触角度入手,通过对音规则、用字体系、切音模式三个层面的考察,挖掘其外汉对音系统中存在的藏汉、梵汉、满汉对音特征,并对相关编写背景和性质进行考证。

Hsi-yang-kuan Hua-yi-yi-yü,compiled in the year 1748 in accordance with an edict of Qianlong,is a five-language dictionary,viz.French,Latin,Italian,Portuguese,German.Hitherto,the nature of this series and the relation among its various features still remain unsettled.This paper examines the Tibetan-Chinese,Sanskrit-Chinese,and Manchu-Chinese features of its foreign-Chinese phonetic system from the perspective of language contact,and examines the background and nature of the relevant writing through the examination of three levels:phonetic rules,word system,and syncopation patterns.The conclusion provides a reference for further understanding the Hsi-yang-kuan Hua-yi-yi-yüin the history of Sino-foreign relations.