公牛链霉菌JPD-1可湿性粉剂的研制及对苹果斑点落叶病的防效

Development of Streptomyces tauricus JPD-1 Wettable Powder and Its Biocontrol Efficiency on Apple Alternaria Leaf Spot Determination

以公牛链霉菌Streptomyces tauricus JPD-1为研究对象,苹果斑点落叶病菌Alternaria alternate f.sp.mali作为靶标菌,采用混料设计试验对载体、分散剂、湿润剂、紫色保护剂进行筛选,确定了公牛链霉菌JPD-1可湿性粉剂的最佳配方:载体为硅藻土,母粉89%,分散剂羧甲基纤维素钠4%,润湿剂十二烷基磺酸钠6%,紫外保护剂羧甲基纤维素钠1%。按照此配方研制出了白色粉末状的公牛链霉菌JPD-1可湿性粉剂。质量标准测定和室内防效试验结果表明,该可湿性粉剂孢子含量为2.18×10^(8)cfu/g,杂菌率2.45%,pH 5.8,细度91.95%,干燥减量4.81%,润湿时间15.4 s,悬浮率79.67%,在25℃室温下贮藏100 d芽胞存活率为70.15%;4℃条件下贮藏100d芽胞存活率为80.41%;其对斑点落叶病菌孢子萌发的最小抑菌浓度在25~50 mg/mL,对苹果斑点落叶病的防治效果84.42%,结果表明公牛链霉菌JPD-1可湿性粉剂是一种具有较好生物防治潜力的生防制剂。

Streptomyces tau-ricus JPD-1 and Alternaria alternate f.sp.mali were considered as the research objects and target pathogen,respectively to screen the carriers,dispersants,wetting and ultraviolet protective agents by the mixture design methods.S.tauricus JPD-1 wettable powder was developed according to the following formula.The optimal formulation was listed as carrier-diatomaceous earth and 89%original powder,dispersant-4%carboxymethyl cellulose sodium,wetting agent-6%sodium dodecyl sulfonate,and ultraviolet protective agent-1%carboxymethyl cellulose sodium.The results showed that the spore content,miscellaneous microorganism rate,pH value,purity rate,drying reduction,wetting time and suspension rate of S.tauricus JPD-1 wettable powder were 2.18×10^(8) cfu/g,2.45%,5.8,91.95%,4.81%,15.4 s and 79.67%,and the survival rates of its spores were 70.15%and 80.41%at 25℃for 100 days,and 4℃for 100 days,respectively,by determining the quality standard.The minimum inhibitory concentration of S.tauricus JPD-1 wettable powder spore germination was 25-50 mg/mL,and the controlling efficiency on apple Alternaria leaf spot disease was 84.42%in vitro.The results indicate that the S.tauricus JPD-1 wettable powder is a potential biocontrol agent with high efficiency in controlling of apple Alternaria leaf spot disease.