成就动机对飞行员风险决策倾向的影响机制

Influence mechanism of achievement motivation on pilots'risk decision-making tendency

为探究成就动机对飞行员风险决策倾向的影响机制,以危险态度为中介变量,飞行经验为调节变量,构建成就动机-危险态度-风险决策倾向的理论假设模型;借鉴成熟量表对188名国内民航飞行员作问卷调查,通过中介效应和调节效应分析验证理论假设模型。结果表明:寻求成功动机与风险决策倾向呈显著正相关;避免失败动机与风险决策倾向呈显著负相关;危险态度与风险决策倾向呈显著正相关;寻求成功动机与危险态度呈显著正相关;避免失败动机与危险态度显著负相关;危险态度在成就动机(寻求成功/避免失败)对风险决策倾向的影响中起中介效应;飞行经验在避免失败动机对危险态度的影响中具有调节效应;提高飞行员的心理素质,及时调节飞行员的成就动机和危险态度水平,能够帮助飞行员客观地评估自身能力和外部环境,减少飞行员的决策偏差,保障飞行安全。

In order to explore the influence mechanism of achievement motivation on pilots'risk decision-making tendency,a hypothetical relationship model of achievement motivation-hazardous attitude-risk decision-making tendency was constructed with hazardous attitude as the mediating variable and flight experience as the moderating variable.A questionnaire survey was conducted on 188 domestic civil aviation pilots using the maturity scales,and the hypothetical model was verified by analysis of mediating and moderating effects.The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between motivation to seek success and risk decision-making tendency.The motivation to avoid failure is significantly negatively correlated with risk decision-making tendency.Hazardous attitude is significantly positively correlated with risk decision-making tendency.The motivation to seeking success is significantly positively correlated with hazardous attitude.The motivation of avoiding failure is significantly negatively correlated with hazardous attitude.Hazardous attitude plays a mediating role in the influence of achievement motivation(seeking success/avoiding failure)on risk decision-making tendency.Flight experience has a moderating effect in avoiding the influence of failure motivation on hazardous attitude.Improving the psychological quality of pilots and adjusting the level of achievement motivation and hazardous attitude of pilots in time can help pilots objectively evaluate their own ability and external environment,reduce pilots'decision-making deviation and ensure flight safety.