基于频数统计和χ^(2)-PCC的建筑施工高处坠落事故特征分析

Analysis of fall accidents characteristics in building construction based on frequency statistics andχ^(2)-PCC

为减少建筑施工高坠事故的发生概率,完善相关工程管理质量和技术措施,收集和整理2010—2020年中央住房和城乡建设部等部门公布的746份事故报告,总结事故发生时间、事故等级、直接经济损失、坠落高度、高处作业分类、防护措施和工人年龄这7类典型事故特征及相应指标,采用频数统计方法分析事故特征和规律,采用χ^(2)-皮尔逊相关系数(PCC)方法明确各因素间的相关性水平以及影响程度。结果表明:近半数坠落高度发生在二级作业高度范围,超过半数的工人在发生事故时未采取有效防护措施,且坠落高度、死亡人数、直接经济损失和防护措施四者之间的相关性达到显著性水平;防护措施与坠落高度、死亡人数、直接经济损失的相关系数分别为0.119、0.149和0.187,坠落高度与死亡人数相关系数为0.404,直接经济损失和死亡人数的相关系数达0.957,悬空作业与死亡人数相关系数为0.17。此外,目前国内施工现场较低高度的高处作业存在防护盲区,既有防护措施未能有效降低事故严重程度,建议加强对危险区域作业的安全监控,提高伤亡赔偿标准,重视防护用具长期使用后性能劣化情况的检验和抽查。

In order to investigate the characteristics of falling accidents and their interactive mode,as well as the dominant factors,746 accident reports published by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China and other departments from 2010 to 2020 were collected,from which seven typical accident characteristics and corresponding indicators were concluded,including occurrence time,accident level,direct economic loss,falling height,classification of work at height,protective measures and worker's age.The frequency statistics were used to analyze the falling accident characteristics and rules,andχ^(2)-PCC method was employed to identify the correlation level and the mutual influence degree between each factor.The results show that nearly half of the falling accidents occurred in the level 2 height range and more than half of the workers did not take effective protective measures in the accidents,while falling height,the number of deaths,direct economic losses and protective measures have significant correlations.The correlation coefficient between protective measures and the other three factors are 0.119、0.149 and 0.187,respectively.The correlation coefficient between falling height and the number of deaths is 0.404,and that between direct economic losses and the number of deaths is 0.957,and that between halfway operation and the number of deaths is 0.17.Moreover,some protection blind zones exist at lower heights in construction sites,and the available protective measures have not effectively mitigated the severity of falling accidents.Therefore,it is suggested to strengthen the safety monitoring of operations in dangerous areas,improve the standard of casualty compensation,and pay attention to the inspection and spot check of the performance deterioration of protective equipment after long-term use.