血清IgG、IgE联合检测在成人食物过敏原筛查中的应用

Application of combined detection of serum IgG and IgE in adult food allergen screening

目的 探讨血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白E(IgE)联合检测在成人常见食物过敏原筛查中的价值。方法 根据严格纳入、排除标准,筛选2020年2月至2022年6月该院收治的226例成人过敏性疾病患者作为研究对象。采用化学发光免疫分析法检测IgG、IgE阳性率,对比不同年龄段(≥50岁与<50岁)过敏性疾病患者血清IgG、IgE阳性检出情况。结果 常见食物过敏原中,引起226例过敏疾病患者血清IgE升高的食物过敏原主要为虾、鱼、蟹、牛奶,引起血清IgG升高的食物过敏原主要为鸡蛋、牛奶、大豆。鸡蛋、小麦中IgE阳性率显著低于IgG阳性率(P<0.05),虾、鱼、蟹中IgE阳性率显著高于IgG阳性率(P<0.05)。≥50岁过敏性疾病患者胃肠道疾病发生率显著高于<50岁患者(P<0.05)。≥50岁与<50岁过敏疾病患者在鸡蛋、鱼、小麦、玉米、牛羊猪肉、花生、杧果、蘑菇中血清IgG阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),≥50岁过敏性疾病患者牛奶、大豆、虾、蟹的血清IgG阳性率显著高于<50岁患者(P<0.05)。≥50岁与<50岁过敏疾病患者在鸡蛋、虾、鱼、小麦、玉米、牛羊猪肉、花生、杧果、蘑菇中IgE阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),≥50岁过敏性疾病患者牛奶、大豆、蟹的血清IgG阳性率显著高于<50岁患者(P<0.05)。结论 不同食物过敏原血清IgE、IgG阳性率存在差异,在成人食物过敏原筛查中二者不能相互替代,联合检测血清IgE、IgG可能具有更高的临床意义。

Objective To explore the value of combined detection of serum immunoglobulin G(IgG)and immunoglobulin E(IgE)for screening common food allergens in adults.Methods According to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria,226 adult patients with allergic diseases admitted to the hospital from February 2020 to June 2022 were selected as subjects.Chemiluminescence immunoassay was used to detect the positive rates of IgG and IgE in serum of patients with allergic diseases at different ages(≥50 years old and<50 years old).Results Among common food allergens,shrimp,fish,crab and milk were the main food allergens that caused increased serum IgE in 226 patients with allergic diseases,while egg,milk and soybean were the main food allergens that caused increased serum IgG.The positive rates of IgE in egg and wheat were significantly lower than those of IgG(P<0.05),and the positive rates of IgE in shrimp,fish and crab were significantly higher than those of IgG(P<0.05).The incidence of gastrointestinal diseases in patients≥50 years old was significantly higher than that in patients<50 years old(P<0.05).The incidence of gastrointestinal diseases in≥50 years old allergic disease patients was significantly higher than that in<50 years old patients(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the positive rates of IgG in eggs,fish,wheat,corn,beef,sheep and pork,peanut,mango and mushroom between≥50 years old and<50 years old allergic disease patients(P>0.05),but the positive rates of IgG in milk,soybean,shrimp and crab serum in≥50 years old allergic disease patients were significantly higher than those in<50 years old patients(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in IgE positive rates in eggs,shrimp,fish,wheat,corn,beef,sheep and pork,peanut,mango and mushroom between≥50 years old and<50 years old allergic disease patients(P>0.05).The IgG positive rates in milk,soybean and crab serum of≥50 years old allergic disease patients were significantly higher than those of<50 years old patients(P<0.05).Conclusion There are differences in the positive rates of serum IgE and IgG of different food allergens,and the two cannot be substituted in adult food allergen screening.Therefore,the combined detection of serum IgE and IgG may have higher clinical significance.