CRISPR-Cas技术在病原体核酸检测中的研究进展

Research progress of CRISPR-Cas systems in nucleic acid detection of pathogens

规律成簇的间隔短回文重复序列(CRISPR)及其相关蛋白(Cas)简称CRISPR-Cas,是原核生物的一种适应性免疫系统,因其强大的基因编辑功能及核酸切割活性成为近年来的研究热点。感染性疾病的传统检测方法虽然特异度高,但存在灵敏度不够高、操作复杂、检测周期长等不足。随着CRISPR-Cas系统的发现及深入研究,目前依赖特异性识别靶标后所激发的Cas蛋白“附带切割”活性,已经开发出多项基于CRISPR-Cas的核酸检测方法,它们高效、简便、快速的优点弥补了传统诊断方法的不足。该文对CRISPR-Cas技术及其在感染性疾病核酸检测中的现状进行综述,旨在为开发更多基于CRISPR-Cas技术的检测新方法提供新思路。

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)and CRISPR-associated proteins(Cas),abbreviated as CRISPR-Cas,is an adaptive immune system of prokaryotes.It has become a research hotspot in recent years due to its powerful gene editing function and nucleic acid cleavage activity.Although the traditional detection methods of infectious diseases have high specificity,they are insufficient in lower sensitivity,complicated operation and long turn around time(TAT).With the discovery and in-depth study of CRISPR-Cas system,a number of nucleic acid detection methods based on CRISPR-Cas have been developed,which rely on the activation of Cas protein collateral cleavage activity after specific recognition of the target.They are efficient,simple and rapid,and make up for the shortcomings of traditional diagnostic methods.Here we review CRISPR-Cas technology and its current status in nucleic acid detection of infectious diseases,in order to provide a strategy for future development of more novel detection methods based on CRISPR-Cas technology.