新时代传统习俗的法治微调之魅——基于C县苗族椰规的考察

The Charm of the Rule of Law of the Folk Traditional Customs in the New Era:Legal Anthropology Investigation Based on the Reform of Yegui of Miao in C County

民族民间传统习俗是民族文化的重要范畴,为了传承民族传统文化,形塑民族凝聚力,规范村民行为,有的民族通过民间立法的形式将传统习俗跃升到习惯法规制的高度。其中,C县苗族对传统习俗改革的议椰立法便属于这样的范式。苗族习俗深嵌于其内生秩序,与苗族群众生产生活紧密相关,在苗族乡土社会的治理体系中不可缺失。然而,有的传统习俗由于历史原因,已成为苗族社会发展的羁绊,与国家治理体系不相符,与新时代法治生态不俱进。于此,需要党和政府的规范引导,结合习惯法的治理逻辑和国家法的应然优势进行有的放矢的微调,不能激进,也不能放任。使得苗族传统习俗改革循序渐进,法治先行,既不破坏苗族文化,也能实现习俗型治理与法治型治理在苗族乡土场域中的路径兼容。

Ethnic customs are an important category of ethnic culture.In order to inherit the traditional national culture,shape ethnic cohesion,and regulate the behavior of villagers,some ethnicities have adopted customs to the height of customary laws and regulations through folk legislation.Among them,the Miao people's legislation on the reform of traditional customs in C County of Qiandongnan belongs to this paradigm.Miao customs are deeply embedded in their endogenous order,closely related to the production and life of the Miao,and can not be missing in the governance system of the Miao local society.However,due to historical reasons,some traditional customs have become the fetters of the development of Miao society,which are not in line with the national governance system and the rule of law ecology in the new era.In this regard,we need the normative guidance of the Party and the government,combined with the governance logic of customary law and the advantages of national law,to carry out some unbridled fine-tuning,not radical,nor laissez-faire.It makes the reform of Miao's traditional customs step by step,the rule of law first,does not destroy Miao's culture,but also realizes the path compatibility between customary governance and rule of law governance in Miao's local field.