海峡两岸非正规聚落火灾现状分析研究

Analysis of the fire status of informal settlements on both sides of the Straits

全球城镇化进程显著提高了人民的物质生活水平和城市基础设施。然而,南北半球区域性经济发展不平衡导致全球依然有10亿人居住在生活水平较低和消防防治水平十分落后的非正规聚落中。近些年,国内外非正规聚落火灾频繁发生,但是有关中国内地和台湾地区非正规聚落的火灾研究却处于初步阶段。为加深对海峡两岸非正规聚落火灾的理解和认识,通过中国内地和台湾地区学者的合作开展了调查研究,简要概述了两岸非正规聚落的房屋类型和火灾危险性;并调研总结了两岸非正规聚落现有的火灾研究现状;根据两岸非正规聚落的成因和形态,简要总结了其火灾风险和消防问题。研究发现:中国内地的非正规聚落主要分为棚户区、城中村、群租房、临时住所和部分少数民族传统村落等;台湾地区的非正规聚落主要分为违章使用和既有合法建筑两种形态:违章使用多见于违法分租、铁皮加盖与违法使用(农地自行盖房舍),既有合法建筑主要包括三合院、四合院、古迹历史建筑物和原住民部落等。两岸非正规聚落的房屋类型和火灾隐患具有共性,亟需开展更多的科学研究。

The process of global urbanization has significantly improved people’s living standards and related urban infrastructure.However,due to the imbalance of regional economic development in the northern and southern hemispheres,about one billion people still live in informal settlements with low living standards and outdated firefighting equipment.In recent years,informal settlement fires have occurred frequently at home and abroad,but the research on informal settlement fires in mainland and Taiwan is still preliminary.In order to strengthen the understanding of informal settlement fires of cross-Straits,this paper briefly summarizes the types and fire hazards of informal settlements,and investigates their fire status.The fire risk and fire protection problems are briefly summarized according to the causes and forms of informal settlements on both sides of the Straits.It is found that informal settlements in China's Mainland mainly include shanty towns,urban villages,group rental houses,prefabricated houses,and some traditional ethnic minority villages;while the informal settlements in Taiwan are primarily divided into unapproved use and existing legal buildings:unapproved use existed in illegal subletting,iron stamping,and illegal use(building houses on agricultural land);existing legal buildings primarily include three-section compounds,quadrangles,historic buildings,and aboriginal tribes.The types of informal settlements and their fire hazards on both sides of the Strait are similar.Therefore,more relevant investigations are urgently needed.