行李箱携带人群汇流过程的基本图实验研究

Experimental study on fundamental diagram of pedestrian flow with luggage in merging structure

行李箱携带者作为公共交通枢纽一种典型的人员类型,研究其对人群运动特征的影响对于公共设施的优化具有重要意义。开展了行李箱携带人群在六种汇流角度下的紧急疏散实验,比较了不同汇流角度对行人运动速度及疏散效率的影响,获取了不同汇流角度和不同测量区域的运动基本图。结果表明:1)在实验设置下,比较不同汇流角度(出口宽度d=3.00 m)发现,∂越小(30°),人群运动速度最大(1.86 m/s)、累计疏散时间最短。随着汇流角度的增大,人群运动速度呈现降低趋势(∂=180°时,人群运动速度最小(1.40 m/s)、累计疏散时间最长)。表明汇流角度小的设施,有利于提高行人疏散效率;2)比较不同测量区域的基本图(汇流角度一定)发现,汇流交汇处的人群密度分布要小于离交汇处较远的测量区域;3)比较不同汇流角度的基本图(测量区域一定)发现,汇流交汇处的行人密度与流量主要分布在1.34 m^(-2)~2.15 m^(-2)与2.00(m·s)-1~3.50(m·s)^(-1)之间。并且,在实验观测的密度范围内,行人流量随着人群密度的增加而上升。研究结果可为优化建筑设施设计和制定人群管理策略提供依据。

Luggage-laden pedestrians are a typical type of crowd in public transportation hubs.It is of great significance to investigate their influence on crowd movement characteristics to optimize public facilities.Therefore,an emergency evacuation experiment was carried out with luggage carriers under six merging angles.The influence of merging angle on the movement speed and the evacuation efficiency was compared.Besides,the fundamental diagrams in different merging angles and different measurement areas were obtained.The results show that:1)under the experimental setting,comparing the different merging angles∂(the exit width d=3.00 m),the smaller the merging angle∂(30°),the crowd movement speed is the largest(1.86 m/s)and the cumulative evacuation time is the shortest.With the increase of merging angles,the movement speed presents a decreasing trend(the movement speed is the lowest(1.40 m/s),and the cumulative evacuation time is the longest when∂is 180°).It is found that facilities with small merging angles can improve evacuation efficiency.2)Comparing the fundamental diagram with different measurement areas(the merging angles are constant),it is found that the distribution of crowd density at the merging intersection is smaller than that at the measurement area far away from the intersection.3)Comparing the fundamental diagram with different merging angles(the measurement area is constant),it is found that crowd density and flow at the merging intersection are mainly distributed between 1.34 m-2~2.15 m-2 and 2.00^(-1)~3.50^(-1),respectively.Moreover,within the density range observed in the experiment,the flow increases with the increase of density.The results of this study can provide a basis for optimizing the design of building facilities and formulating crowd management strategies.